home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
/ TIME: Almanac 1993 / TIME Almanac 1993.iso / time / caps / 20s / 20russia < prev    next >
Unknown  |  1992-09-25  |  20.5 KB

open in: MacOS 8.1     |     Win98     |     DOS

view JSON data     |     view as text


This file was not able to be converted.
This format is not currently supported by dexvert.

ConfidenceProgramDetectionMatch TypeSupport
100% file data default
45% TrID MP3 audio (ID3 v1.x tag) default (weak)
36% TrID Atari XE Executable default (weak)
18% TrID MP3 audio default (weak)



hex view
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000010| db 1e ce 0e ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000020| ff ff 13 00 ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000030| ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000040| ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000050| 52 75 73 73 69 61 0d 0a | 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 5b 4d |Russia..|.... [M|
|00000060| 65 61 6e 77 68 69 6c 65 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f |eanwhile|, the mo|
|00000070| 74 68 65 72 6c 61 6e 64 | 20 6f 66 20 53 6f 63 69 |therland| of Soci|
|00000080| 61 6c 69 73 6d 20 77 61 | 73 20 6d 61 6b 69 6e 67 |alism wa|s making|
|00000090| 20 61 20 73 6c 6f 77 0d | 0a 63 6f 6d 65 62 61 63 | a slow.|.comebac|
|000000a0| 6b 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 | 68 65 20 68 6f 72 72 6f |k from t|he horro|
|000000b0| 72 73 20 6f 66 20 57 61 | 72 20 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e |rs of Wa|r Commun|
|000000c0| 69 73 6d 20 75 6e 64 65 | 72 20 74 68 65 20 22 4e |ism unde|r the "N|
|000000d0| 65 77 0d 0a 45 63 6f 6e | 6f 6d 69 63 20 50 72 6f |ew..Econ|omic Pro|
|000000e0| 67 72 61 6d 22 20 28 31 | 39 32 31 2d 32 38 29 2c |gram" (1|921-28),|
|000000f0| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 67 | 61 76 65 20 73 6d 61 6c | which g|ave smal|
|00000100| 6c 2d 74 69 6d 65 20 63 | 61 70 69 74 61 6c 69 73 |l-time c|apitalis|
|00000110| 6d 0d 0a 61 20 74 65 6d | 70 6f 72 61 72 79 20 72 |m..a tem|porary r|
|00000120| 65 70 72 69 65 76 65 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 69 |eprieve |in the i|
|00000130| 6e 74 65 72 65 73 74 20 | 6f 66 20 65 6e 64 69 6e |nterest |of endin|
|00000140| 67 20 77 69 64 65 73 70 | 72 65 61 64 20 66 61 6d |g widesp|read fam|
|00000150| 69 6e 65 0d 0a 61 6e 64 | 20 72 65 76 69 76 69 6e |ine..and| revivin|
|00000160| 67 20 69 6e 64 75 73 74 | 72 79 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 |g indust|ry..... |
|00000170| 20 41 66 74 65 72 20 4c | 65 6e 69 6e 27 73 20 64 | After L|enin's d|
|00000180| 65 61 74 68 20 69 6e 20 | 4a 61 6e 75 61 72 79 20 |eath in |January |
|00000190| 31 39 32 34 2c 20 68 6f | 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 4a |1924, ho|wever, J|
|000001a0| 6f 73 65 66 20 53 74 61 | 6c 69 6e 0d 0a 62 65 67 |osef Sta|lin..beg|
|000001b0| 61 6e 20 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 61 74 69 63 61 6c 6c |an syste|maticall|
|000001c0| 79 20 74 6f 20 64 69 73 | 63 72 65 64 69 74 2c 20 |y to dis|credit, |
|000001d0| 68 75 6d 69 6c 69 61 74 | 65 20 61 6e 64 20 70 75 |humiliat|e and pu|
|000001e0| 72 67 65 20 61 6c 6c 20 | 74 68 6f 73 65 0d 0a 77 |rge all |those..w|
|000001f0| 68 6f 20 6f 70 70 6f 73 | 65 64 20 68 69 73 20 72 |ho oppos|ed his r|
|00000200| 69 73 65 20 74 6f 20 74 | 6f 74 61 6c 20 70 6f 77 |ise to t|otal pow|
|00000210| 65 72 2c 20 73 74 61 72 | 74 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 |er, star|ting wit|
|00000220| 68 20 4c 65 6f 6e 20 54 | 72 6f 74 73 6b 79 2c 0d |h Leon T|rotsky,.|
|00000230| 0a 57 61 72 20 4c 6f 72 | 64 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |.War Lor|d of the|
|00000240| 20 52 65 64 20 66 6f 72 | 63 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 | Red for|ces that|
|00000250| 20 77 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 69 76 69 6c 20 77 | won the| civil w|
|00000260| 61 72 20 66 6f 72 20 4c | 65 6e 69 6e 20 61 6e 64 |ar for L|enin and|
|00000270| 0d 0a 62 79 20 66 61 72 | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 73 |..by far| the mos|
|00000280| 74 20 70 6f 70 75 6c 61 | 72 20 6c 65 61 64 65 72 |t popula|r leader|
|00000290| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 53 6f 76 69 65 74 20 55 | in the |Soviet U|
|000002a0| 6e 69 6f 6e 2e 20 49 74 | 20 77 61 73 20 61 0d 0a |nion. It| was a..|
|000002b0| 73 6c 6f 77 20 70 72 6f | 63 65 73 73 20 74 68 61 |slow pro|cess tha|
|000002c0| 74 20 77 61 73 20 74 6f | 20 63 75 6c 6d 69 6e 61 |t was to| culmina|
|000002d0| 74 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 4d 6f 73 63 6f 77 |te in th|e Moscow|
|000002e0| 20 22 73 68 6f 77 20 74 | 72 69 61 6c 73 22 0d 0a | "show t|rials"..|
|000002f0| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6d | 69 64 2d 31 39 33 30 73 |of the m|id-1930s|
|00000300| 2e 20 54 72 6f 74 73 6b | 79 20 68 69 6d 73 65 6c |. Trotsk|y himsel|
|00000310| 66 20 65 73 63 61 70 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 65 78 69 |f escape|d to exi|
|00000320| 6c 65 20 61 6e 64 20 77 | 61 73 0d 0a 73 70 61 72 |le and w|as..spar|
|00000330| 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 67 6e 6f 6d 69 6e 79 20 |ed the i|gnominy |
|00000340| 6f 66 20 70 75 62 6c 69 | 63 20 73 65 6c 66 2d 61 |of publi|c self-a|
|00000350| 62 61 73 65 6d 65 6e 74 | 2c 20 62 75 74 20 64 69 |basement|, but di|
|00000360| 65 64 20 69 6e 0d 0a 4d | 65 78 69 63 6f 20 62 79 |ed in..M|exico by|
|00000370| 20 61 6e 20 61 73 73 61 | 73 73 69 6e 27 73 20 62 | an assa|ssin's b|
|00000380| 75 6c 6c 65 74 20 69 6e | 20 31 39 34 30 2e 5d 0d |ullet in| 1940.].|
|00000390| 0a 0d 0a 28 4a 41 4e 55 | 41 52 59 20 32 38 2c 20 |...(JANU|ARY 28, |
|000003a0| 31 39 32 34 29 0d 0a 0d | 0a 20 20 49 6e 20 68 69 |1924)...|. In hi|
|000003b0| 73 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 72 | 79 20 76 69 6c 6c 61 20 |s countr|y villa |
|000003c0| 61 74 20 47 6f 72 6b 79 | 2c 20 61 20 6c 69 74 74 |at Gorky|, a litt|
|000003d0| 6c 65 20 74 6f 77 6e 20 | 6e 65 61 72 20 4d 6f 73 |le town |near Mos|
|000003e0| 63 6f 77 2c 0d 0a 56 6c | 61 64 69 6d 69 72 20 4c |cow,..Vl|adimir L|
|000003f0| 65 6e 69 6e 2c 20 50 72 | 65 6d 69 65 72 20 6f 66 |enin, Pr|emier of|
|00000400| 20 53 6f 76 69 65 74 20 | 52 75 73 73 69 61 2c 20 | Soviet |Russia, |
|00000410| 73 75 66 66 65 72 65 64 | 20 61 20 70 61 72 61 6c |suffered| a paral|
|00000420| 79 73 69 73 0d 0a 6f 66 | 20 68 69 73 20 72 65 73 |ysis..of| his res|
|00000430| 70 69 72 61 74 6f 72 79 | 20 6f 72 67 61 6e 73 2c |piratory| organs,|
|00000440| 20 61 6e 64 20 64 69 65 | 64 2e 20 48 69 73 20 62 | and die|d. His b|
|00000450| 6f 64 79 20 77 61 73 20 | 74 61 6b 65 6e 20 74 6f |ody was |taken to|
|00000460| 0d 0a 4d 6f 73 63 6f 77 | 2c 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 |..Moscow|, where |
|00000470| 69 74 20 6c 61 79 20 69 | 6e 20 73 74 61 74 65 20 |it lay i|n state |
|00000480| 70 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 | 62 75 72 69 61 6c 20 69 |pending |burial i|
|00000490| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 4b 72 | 65 6d 6c 69 6e 2e 0d 0a |n the Kr|emlin...|
|000004a0| 0d 0a 20 20 4f 6e 20 43 | 68 72 69 73 74 6d 61 73 |.. On C|hristmas|
|000004b0| 20 64 61 79 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 61 67 61 69 6e 20 | day, an|d again |
|000004c0| 6f 6e 20 4e 65 77 20 59 | 65 61 72 27 73 20 64 61 |on New Y|ear's da|
|000004d0| 79 2c 20 4c 65 6e 69 6e | 20 68 61 64 20 62 65 65 |y, Lenin| had bee|
|000004e0| 6e 0d 0a 6f 75 74 20 68 | 75 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 72 |n..out h|unting r|
|000004f0| 61 62 62 69 74 73 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 77 61 73 20 |abbits, |and was |
|00000500| 73 61 69 64 20 74 6f 20 | 62 65 20 6d 75 63 68 20 |said to |be much |
|00000510| 69 6d 70 72 6f 76 65 64 | 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 4c |improved|..... L|
|00000520| 65 6e 69 6e 20 68 61 64 | 20 62 65 65 6e 20 61 62 |enin had| been ab|
|00000530| 73 65 6e 74 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 74 68 65 20 4b 72 |sent fro|m the Kr|
|00000540| 65 6d 6c 69 6e 2c 20 63 | 65 6e 74 65 72 20 6f 66 |emlin, c|enter of|
|00000550| 20 53 6f 76 69 65 74 20 | 72 75 6c 65 2c 0d 0a 66 | Soviet |rule,..f|
|00000560| 6f 72 20 6e 65 61 72 6c | 79 20 74 77 6f 20 79 65 |or nearl|y two ye|
|00000570| 61 72 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a | 0d 0a 28 46 45 42 52 55 |ars.....|..(FEBRU|
|00000580| 41 52 59 20 34 2c 20 31 | 39 32 34 29 0d 0a 0d 0a |ARY 4, 1|924)....|
|00000590| 20 20 4c 65 6e 69 6e 20 | 64 69 65 64 20 4d 6f 6e | Lenin |died Mon|
|000005a0| 64 61 79 2c 20 4a 61 6e | 2e 20 32 31 2e 20 4f 6e |day, Jan|. 21. On|
|000005b0| 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 6c | 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 53 | the fol|lowing S|
|000005c0| 75 6e 64 61 79 20 61 74 | 20 34 20 70 2e 6d 2e 0d |unday at| 4 p.m..|
|000005d0| 0a 68 65 20 77 61 73 20 | 62 75 72 69 65 64 20 69 |.he was |buried i|
|000005e0| 6e 20 4d 6f 73 63 6f 77 | 2e 20 49 6e 20 74 68 65 |n Moscow|. In the|
|000005f0| 20 69 6e 74 65 72 76 61 | 6c 20 22 74 68 65 20 67 | interva|l "the g|
|00000600| 72 65 61 74 65 73 74 20 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 0d 0a |reatest |number..|
|00000610| 6f 66 20 70 65 6f 70 6c | 65 20 77 68 6f 20 68 61 |of peopl|e who ha|
|00000620| 64 20 65 76 65 72 20 6c | 6f 6f 6b 65 64 20 75 70 |d ever l|ooked up|
|00000630| 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 61 6d 65 20 63 6f 72 70 |on the s|ame corp|
|00000640| 73 65 22 20 28 65 78 61 | 63 74 0d 0a 6e 75 6d 62 |se" (exa|ct..numb|
|00000650| 65 72 20 75 6e 73 70 65 | 63 69 66 69 65 64 29 20 |er unspe|cified) |
|00000660| 70 61 73 73 65 64 20 62 | 65 66 6f 72 65 20 68 69 |passed b|efore hi|
|00000670| 73 20 62 6f 64 79 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 6c 61 79 |s body w|hich lay|
|00000680| 20 69 6e 20 73 74 61 74 | 65 2e 0d 0a 41 6c 6c 20 | in stat|e...All |
|00000690| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 6d 20 | 68 61 64 20 73 74 6f 6f |of them |had stoo|
|000006a0| 64 20 69 6e 20 6c 69 6e | 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |d in lin|e in the|
|000006b0| 20 73 74 72 65 65 74 73 | 20 6f 66 20 4d 6f 73 63 | streets| of Mosc|
|000006c0| 6f 77 20 66 6f 72 20 31 | 30 2c 0d 0a 32 30 2c 20 |ow for 1|0,..20, |
|000006d0| 33 30 20 68 6f 75 72 73 | 2c 20 69 6e 20 69 6e 68 |30 hours|, in inh|
|000006e0| 75 6d 61 6e 20 63 6f 6c | 64 2c 20 72 65 67 69 73 |uman col|d, regis|
|000006f0| 74 65 72 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 74 68 65 20 74 68 65 |tered by| the the|
|00000700| 72 6d 6f 6d 65 74 65 72 | 20 61 73 0d 0a 31 30 2c |rmometer| as..10,|
|00000710| 20 32 30 20 61 6e 64 20 | 65 76 65 6e 20 33 30 20 | 20 and |even 30 |
|00000720| 64 65 67 72 65 65 73 20 | 62 65 6c 6f 77 20 7a 65 |degrees |below ze|
|00000730| 72 6f 2e 20 44 75 72 69 | 6e 67 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f |ro. Duri|ng one o|
|00000740| 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 | 76 65 0d 0a 64 61 79 73 |f the fi|ve..days|
|00000750| 20 6f 66 20 41 6c 6c 20 | 52 75 73 73 69 61 6e 20 | of All |Russian |
|00000760| 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 61 20 62 6c |processi|on, a bl|
|00000770| 69 7a 7a 61 72 64 20 72 | 61 67 65 64 2e 20 53 70 |izzard r|aged. Sp|
|00000780| 61 72 72 6f 77 73 20 66 | 65 6c 6c 0d 0a 66 72 6f |arrows f|ell..fro|
|00000790| 7a 65 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 74 72 65 65 |zen in t|he stree|
|000007a0| 74 2e 20 49 63 65 20 63 | 6f 76 65 72 65 64 20 74 |t. Ice c|overed t|
|000007b0| 68 65 20 68 6f 72 73 65 | 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |he horse|s of the|
|000007c0| 20 67 75 61 72 64 73 2e | 0d 0a 53 74 69 6c 6c 20 | guards.|..Still |
|000007d0| 74 68 65 20 70 65 6f 70 | 6c 65 20 63 61 6d 65 2c |the peop|le came,|
|000007e0| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 4d 6f | 73 63 6f 77 20 61 6e 64 | from Mo|scow and|
|000007f0| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 6d 69 | 6c 65 73 20 61 72 6f 75 | from mi|les arou|
|00000800| 6e 64 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |nd..... | |
|00000810| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00000820| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 2a 20 2a 20 2a 0d 0a 0d | |* * *...|
|00000830| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 5b 53 74 | 61 6c 69 6e 2c 20 53 74 |... [St|alin, St|
|00000840| 61 6c 69 6e 2c 20 53 74 | 61 6c 69 6e 2e 20 4e 6f |alin, St|alin. No|
|00000850| 74 68 69 6e 67 20 73 6f | 20 64 69 73 61 67 72 65 |thing so| disagre|
|00000860| 65 73 20 61 73 20 70 72 | 6f 70 68 65 63 79 2c 20 |es as pr|ophecy, |
|00000870| 79 65 74 0d 0a 74 68 65 | 72 65 20 68 61 73 20 62 |yet..the|re has b|
|00000880| 65 65 6e 20 73 63 61 72 | 63 65 6c 79 20 61 20 63 |een scar|cely a c|
|00000890| 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 20 61 | 73 20 74 6f 20 52 75 73 |omment a|s to Rus|
|000008a0| 73 69 61 27 73 20 66 75 | 74 75 72 65 20 74 68 61 |sia's fu|ture tha|
|000008b0| 74 20 68 61 73 0d 0a 6e | 6f 74 20 6d 65 6e 74 69 |t has..n|ot menti|
|000008c0| 6f 6e 65 64 20 53 74 61 | 6c 69 6e 2c 20 43 6f 6d |oned Sta|lin, Com|
|000008d0| 6d 69 73 73 61 72 20 6f | 66 20 50 6f 6c 69 63 65 |missar o|f Police|
|000008e0| 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 49 | 74 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 |..... I|t is the|
|000008f0| 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 63 61 6d 65 20 | name th|at came |
|00000900| 6f 75 74 20 6f 66 20 52 | 75 73 73 69 61 20 6c 61 |out of R|ussia la|
|00000910| 73 74 20 79 65 61 72 2e | 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 61 |st year.| It is a|
|00000920| 6e 0d 0a 61 73 73 75 6d | 65 64 20 6e 61 6d 65 2d |n..assum|ed name-|
|00000930| 2d 61 20 64 65 72 69 76 | 61 74 69 76 65 20 66 72 |-a deriv|ative fr|
|00000940| 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 52 | 75 73 73 69 61 6e 20 77 |om the R|ussian w|
|00000950| 6f 72 64 20 66 6f 72 20 | 22 73 74 65 65 6c 2e 22 |ord for |"steel."|
|00000960| 0d 0a 52 75 73 73 69 61 | 6e 73 20 74 68 69 6e 6b |..Russia|ns think|
|00000970| 20 68 65 20 72 65 73 65 | 6d 62 6c 65 73 20 69 6e | he rese|mbles in|
|00000980| 66 6c 65 78 69 62 6c 65 | 20 73 74 65 65 6c 2e 0d |flexible| steel..|
|00000990| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 48 65 20 | 77 61 73 2c 20 74 68 65 |... He |was, the|
|000009a0| 79 20 73 61 79 2c 20 4c | 65 6e 69 6e 27 73 20 6d |y say, L|enin's m|
|000009b0| 6f 73 74 20 69 6e 74 69 | 6d 61 74 65 20 66 72 69 |ost inti|mate fri|
|000009c0| 65 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 69 6e 6e 65 72 |end in t|he inner|
|000009d0| 0d 0a 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e | 69 73 74 20 63 69 72 63 |..Commun|ist circ|
|000009e0| 6c 65 2e 20 22 4d 69 6e | 69 73 74 65 72 20 6f 66 |le. "Min|ister of|
|000009f0| 20 4e 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 | 6c 69 74 69 65 73 2c 22 | Nationa|lities,"|
|00000a00| 20 68 65 20 77 61 73 20 | 63 68 69 65 66 6c 79 0d | he was |chiefly.|
|00000a10| 0a 72 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 | 69 62 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 |.respons|ible for|
|00000a20| 20 62 69 6e 64 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 6f 75 74 | binding| the out|
|00000a30| 6c 79 69 6e 67 20 70 72 | 6f 76 69 6e 63 65 73 20 |lying pr|ovinces |
|00000a40| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 53 | 6f 76 69 65 74 0d 0a 72 |to the S|oviet..r|
|00000a50| 65 67 69 6d 65 2e 20 48 | 65 20 68 69 6d 73 65 6c |egime. H|e himsel|
|00000a60| 66 20 63 61 6d 65 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 47 65 6f 72 |f came f|rom Geor|
|00000a70| 67 69 61 2d 2d 77 61 73 | 20 6f 6e 63 65 20 61 20 |gia--was| once a |
|00000a80| 63 6c 65 72 6b 20 74 68 | 65 72 65 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a |clerk th|ere.....|
|00000a90| 20 20 54 68 65 20 6f 74 | 68 65 72 20 74 77 6f 20 | The ot|her two |
|00000aa0| 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 73 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 74 |members |of the t|
|00000ab0| 72 69 75 6d 76 69 72 61 | 74 65 20 73 75 70 70 6f |riumvira|te suppo|
|00000ac0| 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 73 | 75 63 63 65 65 64 0d 0a |sed to s|ucceed..|
|00000ad0| 4c 65 6e 69 6e 20 61 72 | 65 20 4a 65 77 73 2d 2d |Lenin ar|e Jews--|
|00000ae0| 5a 69 6e 6f 76 69 65 76 | 20 61 6e 64 20 4b 61 6d |Zinoviev| and Kam|
|00000af0| 65 6e 65 76 2c 20 62 72 | 6f 74 68 65 72 2d 69 6e |enev, br|other-in|
|00000b00| 2d 6c 61 77 20 6f 66 0d | 0a 54 72 6f 74 73 6b 79 |-law of.|.Trotsky|
|00000b10| 2e 5d 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a | 28 4a 55 4c 59 20 32 31 |.]......|(JULY 21|
|00000b20| 2c 20 31 39 32 34 29 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 47 72 69 |, 1924).|... Gri|
|00000b30| 67 6f 72 69 20 5a 69 6e | 6f 76 69 65 76 20 62 65 |gori Zin|oviev be|
|00000b40| 63 61 6d 65 20 50 72 65 | 73 69 64 65 6e 74 20 6f |came Pre|sident o|
|00000b50| 66 20 74 68 65 20 45 78 | 65 63 75 74 69 76 65 20 |f the Ex|ecutive |
|00000b60| 43 6f 6d 6d 69 74 74 65 | 65 0d 0a 6f 66 20 74 68 |Committe|e..of th|
|00000b70| 65 20 54 68 69 72 64 20 | 49 6e 74 65 72 6e 61 74 |e Third |Internat|
|00000b80| 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 66 6f | 72 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 |ional fo|r the se|
|00000b90| 63 6f 6e 64 20 74 69 6d | 65 3b 20 74 68 65 20 6e |cond tim|e; the n|
|00000ba0| 61 6d 65 73 20 6f 66 20 | 57 61 72 0d 0a 4c 6f 72 |ames of |War..Lor|
|00000bb0| 64 20 54 72 6f 74 73 6b | 79 20 61 6e 64 20 4b 61 |d Trotsk|y and Ka|
|00000bc0| 72 6c 20 52 61 64 65 6b | 2c 20 74 77 6f 20 65 72 |rl Radek|, two er|
|00000bd0| 73 74 77 68 69 6c 65 20 | 70 6f 77 65 72 73 20 6f |stwhile |powers o|
|00000be0| 66 20 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e | 69 73 6d 2c 0d 0a 77 65 |f Commun|ism,..we|
|00000bf0| 72 65 20 64 72 6f 70 70 | 65 64 2e 20 54 68 69 73 |re dropp|ed. This|
|00000c00| 20 69 73 20 6f 62 76 69 | 6f 75 73 6c 79 20 69 6e | is obvi|ously in|
|00000c10| 20 72 65 74 61 6c 69 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 6f 72 | retalia|tion for|
|00000c20| 20 62 6f 74 68 0d 0a 54 | 72 6f 74 73 6b 79 27 73 | both..T|rotsky's|
|00000c30| 20 61 6e 64 20 52 65 64 | 65 6b 27 73 20 63 72 69 | and Red|ek's cri|
|00000c40| 74 69 63 69 73 6d 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 43 6f |ticism o|f the Co|
|00000c50| 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 20 | 50 61 72 74 79 2c 20 62 |mmunist |Party, b|
|00000c60| 75 74 20 69 74 0d 0a 69 | 73 20 65 78 63 65 65 64 |ut it..i|s exceed|
|00000c70| 69 6e 67 6c 79 20 64 6f | 75 62 74 66 75 6c 20 69 |ingly do|ubtful i|
|00000c80| 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f | 72 6d 65 72 2c 20 77 68 |f the fo|rmer, wh|
|00000c90| 6f 20 69 73 20 73 61 69 | 64 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 |o is sai|d to be |
|00000ca0| 70 6f 70 75 6c 61 72 0d | 0a 69 6e 20 52 75 73 73 |popular.|.in Russ|
|00000cb0| 69 61 2c 20 63 61 6e 20 | 62 65 20 6f 75 73 74 65 |ia, can |be ouste|
|00000cc0| 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 | 68 65 20 43 6f 6d 6d 69 |d from t|he Commi|
|00000cd0| 74 74 65 65 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 69 6d 70 75 6e 69 |ttee wit|h impuni|
|00000ce0| 74 79 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d | 0a 28 44 45 43 45 4d 42 |ty......|.(DECEMB|
|00000cf0| 45 52 20 38 2c 20 31 39 | 32 34 29 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 |ER 8, 19|24).... |
|00000d00| 20 57 68 69 6c 65 20 72 | 75 6d 6f 72 73 20 6f 66 | While r|umors of|
|00000d10| 20 70 65 61 73 61 6e 74 | 20 72 65 76 6f 6c 74 73 | peasant| revolts|
|00000d20| 20 77 65 72 65 20 67 75 | 72 67 69 74 61 74 69 6e | were gu|rgitatin|
|00000d30| 67 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 0d 0a 52 75 73 73 69 61 |g in the|..Russia|
|00000d40| 6e 20 70 72 6f 76 69 6e | 63 65 73 2e 20 4c 65 6f |n provin|ces. Leo|
|00000d50| 6e 20 54 72 6f 74 73 6b | 79 2c 20 62 72 6f 74 68 |n Trotsk|y, broth|
|00000d60| 65 72 2d 69 6e 2d 6c 61 | 77 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |er-in-la|w of the|
|00000d70| 20 6c 61 74 65 0d 0a 4c | 65 6e 69 6e 20 61 6e 64 | late..L|enin and|
|00000d80| 20 53 75 70 72 65 6d 65 | 20 57 61 72 20 4c 6f 72 | Supreme| War Lor|
|00000d90| 64 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 52 65 64 20 41 72 6d |d of the| Red Arm|
|00000da0| 79 2c 20 77 61 73 20 62 | 65 69 6e 67 20 68 61 75 |y, was b|eing hau|
|00000db0| 6c 65 64 0d 0a 6f 76 65 | 72 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f |led..ove|r the co|
|00000dc0| 61 6c 73 20 62 79 20 63 | 65 72 74 61 69 6e 20 6f |als by c|ertain o|
|00000dd0| 66 20 68 69 73 20 62 72 | 6f 74 68 65 72 20 22 42 |f his br|other "B|
|00000de0| 6f 6c 73 68 65 63 72 61 | 74 73 2e 22 0d 0a 0d 0a |olshecra|ts."....|
|00000df0| 20 20 41 20 72 65 73 6f | 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 | A reso|lution p|
|00000e00| 61 73 73 65 64 20 61 67 | 61 69 6e 73 74 20 68 69 |assed ag|ainst hi|
|00000e10| 6d 20 62 79 20 43 6f 6d | 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 20 43 |m by Com|munist C|
|00000e20| 6f 6d 72 61 64 65 73 20 | 73 61 69 64 3a 0d 0a 0d |omrades |said:...|
|00000e30| 0a 20 20 22 54 72 6f 74 | 73 6b 79 20 62 72 6f 6b |. "Trot|sky brok|
|00000e40| 65 20 68 69 73 20 70 6c | 65 64 67 65 20 74 6f 20 |e his pl|edge to |
|00000e50| 74 68 65 20 50 61 72 74 | 79 20 43 6f 6e 67 72 65 |the Part|y Congre|
|00000e60| 73 73 20 74 6f 20 61 62 | 73 74 61 69 6e 0d 0a 66 |ss to ab|stain..f|
|00000e70| 72 6f 6d 20 61 63 74 69 | 76 69 74 69 65 73 20 77 |rom acti|vities w|
|00000e80| 68 69 63 68 20 6d 69 67 | 68 74 20 69 6d 70 65 72 |hich mig|ht imper|
|00000e90| 69 6c 20 50 61 72 74 79 | 20 75 6e 69 74 79 2e 20 |il Party| unity. |
|00000ea0| 48 69 73 20 70 72 65 73 | 65 6e 74 0d 0a 61 63 74 |His pres|ent..act|
|00000eb0| 69 76 69 74 69 65 73 20 | 6d 69 67 68 74 20 65 6e |ivities |might en|
|00000ec0| 67 61 67 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 61 72 74 79 20 69 |gage the| party i|
|00000ed0| 6e 20 61 20 72 65 6e 65 | 77 65 64 20 63 6f 6e 74 |n a rene|wed cont|
|00000ee0| 72 6f 76 65 72 73 79 2c | 0d 0a 77 68 69 63 68 20 |roversy,|..which |
|00000ef0| 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 77 | 61 6e 74 65 64 20 61 6e |is not w|anted an|
|00000f00| 64 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 62 65 20 64 61 6e 67 65 |d would |be dange|
|00000f10| 72 6f 75 73 2e 22 0d 0a | 0d 0a 20 20 41 20 6d 6f |rous."..|.. A mo|
|00000f20| 76 65 2c 20 62 61 63 6b | 65 64 20 62 79 20 53 74 |ve, back|ed by St|
|00000f30| 61 6c 69 6e 2c 20 4b 61 | 6d 65 6e 65 76 2c 20 52 |alin, Ka|menev, R|
|00000f40| 79 6b 6f 76 2c 20 5a 69 | 6e 6f 76 69 65 76 2c 20 |ykov, Zi|noviev, |
|00000f50| 53 6f 6b 6f 6c 6e 69 6b | 6f 76 0d 0a 61 6e 64 20 |Sokolnik|ov..and |
|00000f60| 6f 74 68 65 72 73 20 6f | 66 20 4d 6f 73 63 6f 77 |others o|f Moscow|
|00000f70| 27 73 20 68 69 65 72 61 | 72 63 68 79 2c 20 77 61 |'s hiera|rchy, wa|
|00000f80| 73 20 73 74 61 72 74 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 6f 75 73 |s starte|d to ous|
|00000f90| 74 20 74 68 65 20 57 61 | 72 0d 0a 4c 6f 72 64 20 |t the Wa|r..Lord |
|00000fa0| 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 | 20 50 6f 6c 69 74 2d 42 |from the| Polit-B|
|00000fb0| 75 72 6f 20 6f 72 20 42 | 6f 6c 73 68 65 76 69 6b |uro or B|olshevik|
|00000fc0| 20 43 61 62 69 6e 65 74 | 2e 20 48 69 73 20 70 6f | Cabinet|. His po|
|00000fd0| 6c 69 74 69 63 61 6c 0d | 0a 64 65 6d 69 73 65 20 |litical.|.demise |
|00000fe0| 77 61 73 20 66 6f 72 65 | 73 68 61 64 6f 77 65 64 |was fore|shadowed|
|00000ff0| 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a 28 | 46 45 42 52 55 41 52 59 |.......(|FEBRUARY|
|00001000| 20 32 33 2c 20 31 39 32 | 35 29 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | 23, 192|5).... |
|00001010| 22 54 72 6f 74 73 6b 79 | 20 66 6f 72 20 6d 61 6e |"Trotsky| for man|
|00001020| 79 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 | 77 61 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 |y years |was not |
|00001030| 61 20 42 6f 6c 73 68 65 | 76 69 73 74 20 61 74 20 |a Bolshe|vist at |
|00001040| 61 6c 6c 3b 20 74 68 65 | 6e 20 68 65 0d 0a 62 65 |all; the|n he..be|
|00001050| 63 61 6d 65 20 6f 6e 65 | 20 61 74 20 69 6e 74 65 |came one| at inte|
|00001060| 72 76 61 6c 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 66 69 6e 61 6c 6c |rvals an|d finall|
|00001070| 79 20 72 65 6c 61 70 73 | 65 64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 |y relaps|ed into |
|00001080| 68 69 73 20 6f 72 69 67 | 69 6e 61 6c 0d 0a 61 6e |his orig|inal..an|
|00001090| 74 69 2d 42 6f 6c 73 68 | 65 76 69 73 6d 2e 22 20 |ti-Bolsh|evism." |
|000010a0| 54 68 75 73 20 73 61 69 | 64 20 47 72 69 67 6f 72 |Thus sai|d Grigor|
|000010b0| 69 20 5a 69 6e 6f 76 69 | 65 76 2c 20 62 6f 73 73 |i Zinovi|ev, boss|
|000010c0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 54 68 69 72 64 0d 0a 28 | of the |Third..(|
|000010d0| 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 | 74 29 20 49 6e 74 65 72 |Communis|t) Inter|
|000010e0| 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c | 2c 20 65 78 2d 57 61 72 |national|, ex-War|
|000010f0| 20 4c 6f 72 64 20 54 72 | 6f 74 73 6b 79 27 73 20 | Lord Tr|otsky's |
|00001100| 6d 6f 73 74 0d 0a 69 6e | 74 72 61 63 74 61 62 6c |most..in|tractabl|
|00001110| 65 20 66 6f 65 2e 0d 0a | 0d 0a 20 20 48 65 20 74 |e foe...|.. He t|
|00001120| 68 65 72 65 75 70 6f 6e | 20 64 69 73 6d 69 73 73 |hereupon| dismiss|
|00001130| 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 64 | 69 73 67 72 61 63 65 64 |ed the d|isgraced|
|00001140| 20 54 72 6f 74 73 6b 79 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 68 69 | Trotsky| from hi|
|00001150| 73 20 64 75 74 69 65 73 | 0d 0a 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 |s duties|..on the|
|00001160| 20 43 6f 75 6e 63 69 6c | 20 6f 66 20 4c 61 62 6f | Council| of Labo|
|00001170| 72 20 61 6e 64 20 44 65 | 66 65 6e 73 65 2c 20 74 |r and De|fense, t|
|00001180| 68 75 73 20 64 65 70 72 | 69 76 69 6e 67 20 68 69 |hus depr|iving hi|
|00001190| 6d 20 6f 66 20 68 69 73 | 0d 0a 6c 61 73 74 20 47 |m of his|..last G|
|000011a0| 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e | 74 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 |overnmen|t positi|
|000011b0| 6f 6e 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 | 20 41 73 20 61 20 66 69 |on..... | As a fi|
|000011c0| 6e 61 6c 20 6d 61 72 6b | 20 6f 66 20 68 69 73 20 |nal mark| of his |
|000011d0| 64 69 73 67 72 61 63 65 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 54 72 |disgrace|, the Tr|
|000011e0| 69 75 6d 76 69 72 61 74 | 65 20 28 53 74 61 6c 69 |iumvirat|e (Stali|
|000011f0| 6e 2c 0d 0a 5a 69 6e 6f | 76 69 65 76 2c 20 4b 61 |n,..Zino|viev, Ka|
|00001200| 6d 65 6e 65 76 29 20 6f | 72 64 65 72 65 64 20 54 |menev) o|rdered T|
|00001210| 72 6f 74 73 6b 79 27 73 | 20 6d 61 67 6e 69 66 69 |rotsky's| magnifi|
|00001220| 63 65 6e 74 20 74 72 61 | 69 6e 2d 2d 69 74 0d 0a |cent tra|in--it..|
|00001230| 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 64 | 20 61 20 64 69 6e 65 72 |included| a diner|
|00001240| 2c 20 73 6c 65 65 70 65 | 72 2c 20 6c 69 62 72 61 |, sleepe|r, libra|
|00001250| 72 79 20 63 61 72 20 61 | 6e 64 20 77 61 73 20 66 |ry car a|nd was f|
|00001260| 69 74 74 65 64 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 61 0d 0a 70 72 |itted wi|th a..pr|
|00001270| 69 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 70 | 72 65 73 73 20 61 6e 64 |inting p|ress and|
|00001280| 20 61 20 72 61 64 69 6f | 20 73 65 74 2d 2d 74 6f | a radio| set--to|
|00001290| 20 62 65 20 75 6e 63 6f | 75 70 6c 65 64 20 61 6e | be unco|upled an|
|000012a0| 64 20 70 75 74 20 6f 6e | 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 72 65 |d put on| the..re|
|000012b0| 67 75 6c 61 72 20 72 61 | 69 6c 77 61 79 20 73 65 |gular ra|ilway se|
|000012c0| 72 76 69 63 65 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 31 35 30 20 6d |rvice. T|he 150 m|
|000012d0| 65 6e 20 65 6d 70 6c 6f | 79 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 |en emplo|yed on t|
|000012e0| 68 65 20 74 72 61 69 6e | 20 68 61 76 65 0d 0a 62 |he train| have..b|
|000012f0| 65 65 6e 20 64 69 73 63 | 68 61 72 67 65 64 2e 20 |een disc|harged. |
|00001300| 53 69 63 20 74 72 61 6e | 73 69 74 20 67 6c 6f 72 |Sic tran|sit glor|
|00001310| 69 61 20 54 72 6f 74 73 | 6b 79 21 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a |ia Trots|ky!.....|
|00001320| 0d 0a 28 41 50 52 49 4c | 20 31 33 2c 20 31 39 32 |..(APRIL| 13, 192|
|00001330| 35 29 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | 4c 61 73 74 20 77 65 65 |5).... |Last wee|
|00001340| 6b 27 73 20 64 65 73 70 | 61 74 63 68 65 73 20 74 |k's desp|atches t|
|00001350| 6f 6c 64 20 61 20 73 69 | 6d 70 6c 65 20 73 74 6f |old a si|mple sto|
|00001360| 72 79 20 61 6e 64 2c 20 | 6c 69 6b 65 20 6d 61 6e |ry and, |like man|
|00001370| 79 0d 0a 73 75 63 68 2c | 20 69 74 73 20 73 69 67 |y..such,| its sig|
|00001380| 6e 69 66 69 63 61 6e 63 | 65 20 77 61 73 20 67 72 |nificanc|e was gr|
|00001390| 65 61 74 2e 20 54 68 65 | 20 73 74 6f 72 79 20 77 |eat. The| story w|
|000013a0| 61 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 42 6f 6c 73 68 65 76 69 |as that |Bolshevi|
|000013b0| 6b 0d 0a 52 75 73 73 69 | 61 20 68 61 64 20 72 65 |k..Russi|a had re|
|000013c0| 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 20 69 | 74 73 20 69 6e 74 65 72 |formed i|ts inter|
|000013d0| 6e 61 6c 20 74 72 61 64 | 65 20 70 6f 6c 69 63 79 |nal trad|e policy|
|000013e0| 2c 20 70 65 72 6d 69 74 | 74 65 64 20 70 72 69 76 |, permit|ted priv|
|000013f0| 61 74 65 0d 0a 63 61 70 | 69 74 61 6c 69 73 74 73 |ate..cap|italists|
|00001400| 20 74 6f 20 6f 70 65 72 | 61 74 65 2c 20 62 65 67 | to oper|ate, beg|
|00001410| 75 6e 20 77 68 61 74 20 | 77 61 73 20 6b 6e 6f 77 |un what |was know|
|00001420| 6e 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 22 27 4e 65 77 65 73 |n as the| "'Newes|
|00001430| 74 27 0d 0a 45 63 6f 6e | 6f 6d 69 63 20 50 6f 6c |t'..Econ|omic Pol|
|00001440| 69 63 79 2e 22 0d 0a 0d | 0a 20 20 49 6e 20 31 39 |icy."...|. In 19|
|00001450| 32 31 2c 20 4c 65 6e 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 4c 61 |21, Leni|n the La|
|00001460| 74 65 20 70 72 6f 6d 75 | 6c 67 61 74 65 64 20 68 |te promu|lgated h|
|00001470| 69 73 20 4e 2e 45 2e 50 | 2e 20 28 4e 65 77 20 45 |is N.E.P|. (New E|
|00001480| 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 69 63 0d | 0a 50 6f 6c 69 63 79 29 |conomic.|.Policy)|
|00001490| 2d 2d 69 6e 76 69 74 69 | 6e 67 20 66 6f 72 65 69 |--inviti|ng forei|
|000014a0| 67 6e 20 63 61 70 69 74 | 61 6c 20 74 6f 20 65 78 |gn capit|al to ex|
|000014b0| 70 6c 6f 69 74 20 52 75 | 73 73 69 61 6e 0d 0a 63 |ploit Ru|ssian..c|
|000014c0| 6f 6e 63 65 73 73 69 6f | 6e 73 20 73 68 61 72 69 |oncessio|ns shari|
|000014d0| 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 66 69 | 74 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 |ng profi|ts with |
|000014e0| 74 68 65 20 47 6f 76 65 | 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 2d 2d |the Gove|rnment--|
|000014f0| 77 68 69 63 68 20 76 69 | 72 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 0d |which vi|rtually.|
|00001500| 0a 6d 61 72 6b 65 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 72 65 63 65 |.marked |the rece|
|00001510| 64 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 61 76 65 |ding of |the wave|
|00001520| 73 20 6f 66 20 43 6f 6d | 6d 75 6e 69 73 6d 20 66 |s of Com|munism f|
|00001530| 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 68 6f 72 65 73 0d 0a |rom the |shores..|
|00001540| 6f 66 20 43 61 70 69 74 | 61 6c 69 73 6d 2e 20 49 |of Capit|alism. I|
|00001550| 74 20 77 61 73 20 61 20 | 66 65 61 72 6c 65 73 73 |t was a |fearless|
|00001560| 20 73 74 65 70 20 74 6f | 20 73 61 76 65 20 52 75 | step to| save Ru|
|00001570| 73 73 69 61 20 66 72 6f | 6d 0d 0a 65 63 6f 6e 6f |ssia fro|m..econo|
|00001580| 6d 69 63 20 72 75 69 6e | 2e 20 49 74 20 73 68 6f |mic ruin|. It sho|
|00001590| 77 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 4d 6f 73 63 6f 77 20 |wed that| Moscow |
|000015a0| 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 | 74 73 2c 20 77 68 61 74 |Communis|ts, what|
|000015b0| 65 76 65 72 20 65 6c 73 | 65 0d 0a 74 68 65 79 20 |ever els|e..they |
|000015c0| 77 65 72 65 2c 20 77 65 | 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 |were, we|re not a|
|000015d0| 66 72 61 69 64 20 74 6f | 20 61 64 6d 69 74 20 74 |fraid to| admit t|
|000015e0| 68 65 69 72 20 65 72 72 | 6f 72 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |heir err|ors and |
|000015f0| 72 65 63 74 69 66 79 0d | 0a 74 68 65 6d 3b 20 62 |rectify.|.them; b|
|00001600| 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 50 | 61 72 74 79 20 68 65 6c |ut the P|arty hel|
|00001610| 64 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 64 | 69 65 2d 68 61 72 64 73 |d many d|ie-hards|
|00001620| 2c 20 6e 6f 74 61 62 6c | 79 20 65 78 2d 57 61 72 |, notabl|y ex-War|
|00001630| 20 4c 6f 72 64 0d 0a 54 | 72 6f 74 73 6b 79 2e 20 | Lord..T|rotsky. |
|00001640| 54 68 65 20 4e 2e 45 2e | 50 2e 20 77 61 73 20 6b |The N.E.|P. was k|
|00001650| 65 70 74 20 69 6e 20 66 | 6f 72 63 65 20 75 6e 74 |ept in f|orce unt|
|00001660| 69 6c 20 31 39 32 33 2e | 20 50 72 69 76 61 74 65 |il 1923.| Private|
|00001670| 0d 0a 74 72 61 64 65 72 | 73 20 62 65 67 61 6e 20 |..trader|s began |
|00001680| 74 6f 20 67 61 69 6e 20 | 63 6f 6e 66 69 64 65 6e |to gain |confiden|
|00001690| 63 65 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | 47 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 |ce. The |Governme|
|000016a0| 6e 74 20 66 6c 69 72 74 | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 0d |nt flirt|ed with.|
|000016b0| 0a 66 6f 72 65 69 67 6e | 20 50 6f 77 65 72 73 2e |.foreign| Powers.|
|000016c0| 20 54 68 65 20 52 75 73 | 73 69 61 6e 20 42 65 61 | The Rus|sian Bea|
|000016d0| 72 20 62 65 67 61 6e 20 | 74 6f 20 72 61 69 73 65 |r began |to raise|
|000016e0| 20 69 74 73 65 6c 66 20 | 6f 6e 20 69 74 73 0d 0a | itself |on its..|
|000016f0| 62 6f 6e 79 20 68 61 75 | 6e 63 68 65 73 2e 0d 0a |bony hau|nches...|
|00001700| 0d 0a 20 20 41 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 65 6e 64 20 6f |.. At t|he end o|
|00001710| 66 20 31 39 32 33 2c 20 | 74 68 65 20 43 6f 6d 6d |f 1923, |the Comm|
|00001720| 75 6e 69 73 74 20 69 6e | 74 72 61 6e 73 69 67 65 |unist in|transige|
|00001730| 6e 74 73 20 74 72 69 75 | 6d 70 68 65 64 2c 0d 0a |nts triu|mphed,..|
|00001740| 62 65 67 61 6e 20 61 20 | 64 72 69 76 65 20 61 67 |began a |drive ag|
|00001750| 61 69 6e 73 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 61 70 69 74 61 |ainst th|e capita|
|00001760| 6c 69 73 74 73 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 4e 2e 45 2e 50 |lists. T|he N.E.P|
|00001770| 2e 20 77 65 6e 74 20 6c | 61 72 67 65 6c 79 0d 0a |. went l|argely..|
|00001780| 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 62 | 6f 61 72 64 2e 20 54 68 |by the b|oard. Th|
|00001790| 65 20 79 65 61 72 20 31 | 39 32 34 20 69 6e 20 52 |e year 1|924 in R|
|000017a0| 75 73 73 69 61 20 77 61 | 73 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d |ussia wa|s econom|
|000017b0| 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 | 6e 64 0d 0a 70 6f 6c 69 |ically a|nd..poli|
|000017c0| 74 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 | 72 6f 74 74 65 6e 2e 20 |tically |rotten. |
|000017d0| 54 68 65 20 63 6f 75 6e | 74 72 79 20 77 65 6e 74 |The coun|try went|
|000017e0| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 62 61 | 64 20 74 6f 20 77 6f 72 | from ba|d to wor|
|000017f0| 73 65 2e 0d 0a 43 6f 2d | 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 76 |se...Co-|operativ|
|00001800| 65 20 74 72 61 64 69 6e | 67 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 |e tradin|g betwee|
|00001810| 6e 20 74 6f 77 6e 20 61 | 6e 64 20 76 69 6c 6c 61 |n town a|nd villa|
|00001820| 67 65 20 62 72 6f 6b 65 | 20 64 6f 77 6e 3b 0d 0a |ge broke| down;..|
|00001830| 69 6e 64 75 73 74 72 69 | 61 6c 20 75 6e 72 65 73 |industri|al unres|
|00001840| 74 20 61 73 73 75 6d 65 | 64 20 61 6c 61 72 6d 69 |t assume|d alarmi|
|00001850| 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 70 6f | 72 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 |ng propo|rtions a|
|00001860| 74 20 4c 65 6e 69 6e 67 | 72 61 64 20 61 6e 64 0d |t Lening|rad and.|
|00001870| 0a 4d 6f 73 63 6f 77 3b | 20 74 68 65 20 70 65 61 |.Moscow;| the pea|
|00001880| 73 61 6e 74 73 20 73 74 | 75 63 6b 20 6d 6f 72 65 |sants st|uck more|
|00001890| 20 63 6c 6f 73 65 6c 79 | 20 74 68 61 6e 20 65 76 | closely| than ev|
|000018a0| 65 72 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 69 72 0d 0a 68 6f 61 |er to th|eir..hoa|
|000018b0| 72 64 65 64 20 67 72 61 | 69 6e 3b 20 74 68 65 20 |rded gra|in; the |
|000018c0| 63 61 70 69 74 61 6c 69 | 73 74 73 20 73 75 63 68 |capitali|sts such|
|000018d0| 20 66 65 77 20 61 73 20 | 74 68 65 72 65 20 77 65 | few as |there we|
|000018e0| 72 65 2c 20 77 65 72 65 | 0d 0a 68 6f 75 6e 64 65 |re, were|..hounde|
|000018f0| 64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 69 | 6e 61 63 74 69 76 69 74 |d into i|nactivit|
|00001900| 79 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 52 75 73 73 |y..... |The Russ|
|00001910| 69 61 6e 20 42 65 61 72 | 20 73 61 6e 6b 20 64 6f |ian Bear| sank do|
|00001920| 77 6e 20 65 78 68 61 75 | 73 74 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 |wn exhau|sted on |
|00001930| 69 74 73 20 65 6d 70 74 | 79 20 62 65 6c 6c 79 2e |its empt|y belly.|
|00001940| 0d 0a 53 74 61 72 76 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 73 |..Starva|tion was|
|00001950| 20 6f 6e 63 65 20 6d 6f | 72 65 20 61 20 72 65 61 | once mo|re a rea|
|00001960| 6c 69 74 79 2e 20 44 69 | 73 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 |lity. Di|scontent|
|00001970| 20 77 61 73 20 67 72 6f | 77 69 6e 67 20 6d 6f 72 | was gro|wing mor|
|00001980| 65 0d 0a 64 69 66 66 69 | 63 75 6c 74 20 74 6f 20 |e..diffi|cult to |
|00001990| 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 2e | 20 45 6c 61 62 6f 72 61 |control.| Elabora|
|000019a0| 74 65 20 70 72 6f 70 61 | 67 61 6e 64 61 20 66 61 |te propa|ganda fa|
|000019b0| 69 6c 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 73 63 72 65 65 6e 20 74 |iled to |screen t|
|000019c0| 68 65 0d 0a 61 63 74 75 | 61 6c 69 74 69 65 73 20 |he..actu|alities |
|000019d0| 6f 66 20 61 20 73 69 74 | 75 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 |of a sit|uation t|
|000019e0| 68 61 74 20 77 61 73 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 66 61 72 20 |hat was |not far |
|000019f0| 66 72 6f 6d 20 64 65 73 | 70 65 72 61 74 65 2e 0d |from des|perate..|
|00001a00| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 4c 61 73 | 74 20 77 65 65 6b 2c 20 |... Las|t week, |
|00001a10| 63 61 6d 65 20 61 63 6b | 6e 6f 77 6c 65 64 67 65 |came ack|nowledge|
|00001a20| 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 | 62 6c 75 6e 64 65 72 2c |ment of |blunder,|
|00001a30| 20 73 70 65 65 64 79 20 | 72 65 66 6f 72 6d 73 2c | speedy |reforms,|
|00001a40| 0d 0a 70 72 6f 6d 69 73 | 65 73 20 6f 66 20 6d 6f |..promis|es of mo|
|00001a50| 72 65 2c 20 61 73 73 75 | 72 61 6e 63 65 73 20 74 |re, assu|rances t|
|00001a60| 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 68 61 6e 67 65 20 6f |hat the |change o|
|00001a70| 66 20 47 6f 76 65 72 6e | 6d 65 6e 74 27 73 0d 0a |f Govern|ment's..|
|00001a80| 70 6f 6c 69 63 79 20 77 | 61 73 20 22 6d 65 61 6e |policy w|as "mean|
|00001a90| 74 20 73 65 72 69 6f 75 | 73 6c 79 20 61 6e 64 20 |t seriou|sly and |
|00001aa0| 66 6f 72 20 61 20 6c 6f | 6e 67 20 70 65 72 69 6f |for a lo|ng perio|
|00001ab0| 64 2e 22 20 55 6e 64 65 | 72 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 4e |d." Unde|r the..N|
|00001ac0| 65 77 65 73 74 20 45 63 | 6f 6e 6f 6d 69 63 20 50 |ewest Ec|onomic P|
|00001ad0| 6f 6c 69 63 79 2c 20 70 | 72 69 76 61 74 65 20 63 |olicy, p|rivate c|
|00001ae0| 61 70 69 74 61 6c 69 73 | 74 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |apitalis|ts will |
|00001af0| 65 6e 6a 6f 79 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 61 6d 65 0d 0a |enjoy th|e same..|
|00001b00| 70 72 69 76 69 6c 65 67 | 65 20 61 73 20 47 6f 76 |privileg|e as Gov|
|00001b10| 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 6d 6f 6e 6f 70 6f 6c 69 |ernment |monopoli|
|00001b20| 65 73 2c 20 74 72 75 73 | 74 73 20 61 6e 64 20 63 |es, trus|ts and c|
|00001b30| 6f 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 | 76 65 73 2e 0d 0a 42 6f |ooperati|ves...Bo|
|00001b40| 6c 73 68 65 76 69 6b 20 | 62 61 6e 6b 73 20 77 69 |lshevik |banks wi|
|00001b50| 6c 6c 20 65 78 74 65 6e | 64 20 63 72 65 64 69 74 |ll exten|d credit|
|00001b60| 2c 20 74 61 78 65 73 20 | 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 |, taxes |will be |
|00001b70| 6c 6f 77 65 72 65 64 2c | 0d 0a 70 72 69 76 61 74 |lowered,|..privat|
|00001b80| 65 20 70 72 6f 70 65 72 | 74 79 20 72 65 73 74 6f |e proper|ty resto|
|00001b90| 72 65 64 2e 20 50 72 61 | 63 74 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 |red. Pra|ctically|
|00001ba0| 20 61 6c 6c 20 61 64 6d | 69 6e 69 73 74 72 61 74 | all adm|inistrat|
|00001bb0| 69 76 65 20 61 6e 64 0d | 0a 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 69 |ive and.|.economi|
|00001bc0| 63 20 70 72 65 73 73 75 | 72 65 20 6f 6e 20 69 6e |c pressu|re on in|
|00001bd0| 74 65 72 6e 61 6c 20 74 | 72 61 64 65 20 77 61 73 |ternal t|rade was|
|00001be0| 20 72 65 6d 6f 76 65 64 | 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a 28 | removed|.......(|
|00001bf0| 41 50 52 49 4c 20 32 37 | 2c 20 31 39 32 35 29 0d |APRIL 27|, 1925).|
|00001c00| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 4d 2e 20 | 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 2c 20 |... M. |Stalin, |
|00001c10| 63 68 69 65 66 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 43 6f 6d |chief of| the Com|
|00001c20| 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 20 50 | 61 72 74 79 2c 20 61 6e |munist P|arty, an|
|00001c30| 64 20 61 20 6d 65 6d 62 | 65 72 2c 20 77 69 74 68 |d a memb|er, with|
|00001c40| 0d 0a 4b 61 6d 65 6e 65 | 76 20 61 6e 64 20 5a 69 |..Kamene|v and Zi|
|00001c50| 6e 6f 76 69 65 76 2c 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 |noviev, |of the s|
|00001c60| 6f 2d 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 | 20 42 6f 6c 73 68 65 76 |o-called| Bolshev|
|00001c70| 69 6b 20 54 72 69 75 6d | 76 69 72 61 74 65 2c 0d |ik Trium|virate,.|
|00001c80| 0a 6c 61 73 74 20 77 65 | 65 6b 20 61 64 64 72 65 |.last we|ek addre|
|00001c90| 73 73 65 64 20 70 65 61 | 73 61 6e 74 73 27 20 72 |ssed pea|sants' r|
|00001ca0| 65 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 | 61 74 69 76 65 73 2c 20 |epresent|atives, |
|00001cb0| 70 72 6f 6d 69 73 65 64 | 20 74 6f 0d 0a 67 72 61 |promised| to..gra|
|00001cc0| 6e 74 20 6c 61 6e 64 20 | 6c 65 61 73 65 73 20 74 |nt land |leases t|
|00001cd0| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 70 65 | 61 73 61 6e 74 73 20 66 |o the pe|asants f|
|00001ce0| 6f 72 20 61 74 20 6c 65 | 61 73 74 20 32 30 20 79 |or at le|ast 20 y|
|00001cf0| 65 61 72 73 2c 20 70 65 | 72 68 61 70 73 0d 0a 34 |ears, pe|rhaps..4|
|00001d00| 30 20 79 65 61 72 73 2c | 20 70 65 72 68 61 70 73 |0 years,| perhaps|
|00001d10| 20 69 6e 20 70 65 72 70 | 65 74 75 69 74 79 2c 20 | in perp|etuity, |
|00001d20| 77 68 69 63 68 20 6d 65 | 61 6e 73 20 75 6e 63 6f |which me|ans unco|
|00001d30| 6e 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 | 6c 0d 0a 72 65 74 75 72 |nditiona|l..retur|
|00001d40| 6e 20 74 6f 20 70 72 69 | 76 61 74 65 20 6f 77 6e |n to pri|vate own|
|00001d50| 65 72 73 68 69 70 2e 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 54 68 65 |ership..|... The|
|00001d60| 20 70 65 61 73 61 6e 74 | 20 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 | peasant| represe|
|00001d70| 6e 74 61 74 69 76 65 73 | 2c 20 77 68 6f 20 68 61 |ntatives|, who ha|
|00001d80| 64 20 74 68 72 65 61 74 | 65 6e 65 64 20 6e 6f 74 |d threat|ened not|
|00001d90| 20 74 6f 20 73 6f 77 0d | 0a 63 72 6f 70 73 20 6f | to sow.|.crops o|
|00001da0| 72 20 74 6f 20 69 6d 70 | 72 6f 76 65 20 74 68 65 |r to imp|rove the|
|00001db0| 20 6c 61 6e 64 20 75 6e | 6c 65 73 73 20 6c 6f 6e | land un|less lon|
|00001dc0| 67 20 6c 65 61 73 65 73 | 20 77 65 72 65 20 6d 61 |g leases| were ma|
|00001dd0| 64 65 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a | 67 75 61 72 61 6e 74 65 |de and..|guarante|
|00001de0| 65 64 2c 20 77 65 72 65 | 20 66 6c 61 62 62 65 72 |ed, were| flabber|
|00001df0| 67 61 73 74 65 64 2c 20 | 61 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 |gasted, |as well |
|00001e00| 74 68 65 79 20 6d 69 67 | 68 74 20 62 65 2e 20 54 |they mig|ht be. T|
|00001e10| 68 65 79 0d 0a 61 73 6b | 65 64 20 69 66 20 74 68 |hey..ask|ed if th|
|00001e20| 69 73 20 6e 65 77 20 70 | 6f 6c 69 63 79 20 64 69 |is new p|olicy di|
|00001e30| 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 72 75 | 6e 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 65 |d not ru|n counte|
|00001e40| 72 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 42 6f 6c 73 68 65 76 |r to the| Bolshev|
|00001e50| 69 6b 0d 0a 43 6f 6e 73 | 74 69 74 75 74 69 6f 6e |ik..Cons|titution|
|00001e60| 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 63 | 65 69 76 65 64 20 69 6e | and rec|eived in|
|00001e70| 20 72 65 70 6c 79 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 53 74 61 6c | reply f|rom Stal|
|00001e80| 69 6e 3a 20 22 57 65 20 | 77 72 6f 74 65 20 74 68 |in: "We |wrote th|
|00001e90| 65 0d 0a 43 6f 6e 73 74 | 69 74 75 74 69 6f 6e 2e |e..Const|itution.|
|00001ea0| 20 57 65 20 63 61 6e 20 | 63 68 61 6e 67 65 20 69 | We can |change i|
|00001eb0| 74 20 61 6c 73 6f 2e 22 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 |t also."|...... |
|00001ec0| 5b 54 68 65 20 67 65 6e | 74 6c 65 20 62 72 65 65 |[The gen|tle bree|
|00001ed0| 7a 65 73 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 4e 2e 45 2e 50 |zes of t|he N.E.P|
|00001ee0| 2e 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 62 6c 6f 77 |. could |not blow|
|00001ef0| 20 61 77 61 79 20 74 68 | 65 20 64 61 72 6b 0d 0a | away th|e dark..|
|00001f00| 63 6c 6f 75 64 20 6f 66 | 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 27 |cloud of| Stalin'|
|00001f10| 73 20 64 65 73 70 6f 74 | 69 73 6d 2e 20 54 68 65 |s despot|ism. The|
|00001f20| 20 22 74 65 73 74 69 6d | 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 73 | "testim|ent of s|
|00001f30| 75 62 6d 69 73 73 69 6f | 6e 22 0d 0a 73 69 67 6e |ubmissio|n"..sign|
|00001f40| 65 64 20 62 79 20 54 72 | 6f 74 73 6b 79 2c 20 5a |ed by Tr|otsky, Z|
|00001f50| 69 6e 6f 76 69 65 76 20 | 61 6e 64 20 4b 61 6d 65 |inoviev |and Kame|
|00001f60| 6e 65 76 20 6c 6f 6f 6b | 65 64 20 61 68 65 61 64 |nev look|ed ahead|
|00001f70| 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 0d | 0a 63 6f 65 72 63 65 64 | to the.|.coerced|
|00001f80| 20 63 6f 6e 66 65 73 73 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 | confess|ions of |
|00001f90| 74 68 65 20 73 68 6f 77 | 20 74 72 69 61 6c 73 2e |the show| trials.|
|00001fa0| 5d 0d 0a 0d 0a 28 4f 43 | 54 4f 42 45 52 20 32 35 |]....(OC|TOBER 25|
|00001fb0| 2c 20 31 39 32 36 29 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 4a 6f 73 |, 1926).|... Jos|
|00001fc0| 65 66 20 53 74 61 6c 69 | 6e 20 64 69 63 74 61 74 |ef Stali|n dictat|
|00001fd0| 65 73 20 61 74 20 4d 6f | 73 63 6f 77 2c 20 68 61 |es at Mo|scow, ha|
|00001fe0| 76 69 6e 67 20 6f 76 65 | 72 74 68 72 6f 77 6e 20 |ving ove|rthrown |
|00001ff0| 4c 65 6f 6e 0d 0a 54 72 | 6f 74 73 6b 79 20 61 6e |Leon..Tr|otsky an|
|00002000| 64 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 61 | 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 2e 20 |d many a|nother. |
|00002010| 52 65 63 65 6e 74 6c 79 | 20 6d 2e 20 54 72 6f 74 |Recently| m. Trot|
|00002020| 73 6b 79 20 61 6e 64 20 | 6f 74 68 65 72 0d 0a 61 |sky and |other..a|
|00002030| 6e 74 69 2d 53 74 61 6c | 69 6e 69 74 65 73 2c 20 |nti-Stal|inites, |
|00002040| 6e 6f 74 61 62 6c 79 20 | 4d 4d 2e 20 5a 69 6e 6f |notably |MM. Zino|
|00002050| 76 69 65 76 20 61 6e 64 | 20 4b 61 6d 65 6e 65 76 |viev and| Kamenev|
|00002060| 2c 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 | 65 65 6e 0d 0a 72 75 6d |, have b|een..rum|
|00002070| 6f 72 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 62 65 20 67 61 74 68 65 |ored to |be gathe|
|00002080| 72 69 6e 67 20 73 74 72 | 65 6e 67 74 68 20 66 6f |ring str|ength fo|
|00002090| 72 20 61 20 77 61 72 20 | 6f 66 20 70 72 6f 70 61 |r a war |of propa|
|000020a0| 67 61 6e 64 61 20 61 67 | 61 69 6e 73 74 0d 0a 74 |ganda ag|ainst..t|
|000020b0| 68 65 20 6d 61 6e 20 6f | 66 20 73 74 65 65 6c 2e |he man o|f steel.|
|000020c0| 20 4c 61 73 74 20 77 65 | 65 6b 20 4d 2e 20 53 74 | Last we|ek M. St|
|000020d0| 61 6c 69 6e 2c 20 6e 6f | 20 6f 66 66 69 63 65 20 |alin, no| office |
|000020e0| 68 6f 6c 64 65 72 20 62 | 75 74 20 74 68 65 0d 0a |holder b|ut the..|
|000020f0| 64 65 73 70 6f 74 69 63 | 20 22 62 6f 73 73 22 20 |despotic| "boss" |
|00002100| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 43 | 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 |of the C|ommunist|
|00002110| 20 50 61 72 74 79 2c 20 | 72 61 70 70 65 64 20 6f | Party, |rapped o|
|00002120| 75 74 20 74 68 72 65 65 | 20 6f 72 64 65 72 73 2e |ut three| orders.|
|00002130| 0d 0a 4c 65 6f 6e 20 54 | 72 6f 74 73 6b 79 20 61 |..Leon T|rotsky a|
|00002140| 6e 64 20 68 69 73 20 6d | 61 6c 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e |nd his m|alconten|
|00002150| 74 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 65 |ts were |commande|
|00002160| 64 20 74 6f 20 63 65 61 | 73 65 20 74 68 65 69 72 |d to cea|se their|
|00002170| 0d 0a 6f 70 70 6f 73 69 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 |..opposi|tion to |
|00002180| 74 68 65 20 64 69 63 74 | 61 74 6f 72 27 73 20 77 |the dict|ator's w|
|00002190| 69 6c 6c 2e 20 46 6f 72 | 20 61 6e 20 68 6f 75 72 |ill. For| an hour|
|000021a0| 20 74 68 65 79 20 74 65 | 6d 70 6f 72 69 7a 65 64 | they te|mporized|
|000021b0| 2c 0d 0a 74 68 65 6e 20 | 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 63 6f |,..then |found co|
|000021c0| 75 72 61 67 65 20 66 6f | 72 20 62 61 74 74 6c 65 |urage fo|r battle|
|000021d0| 20 65 62 62 69 6e 67 2e | 20 4e 65 78 74 20 64 61 | ebbing.| Next da|
|000021e0| 79 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 | 70 72 65 6d 61 63 79 20 |y the su|premacy |
|000021f0| 6f 66 0d 0a 4a 6f 73 65 | 66 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e |of..Jose|f Stalin|
|00002200| 20 73 74 6f 6f 64 20 6f | 6e 63 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 | stood o|nce more|
|00002210| 20 75 6e 71 75 65 73 74 | 69 6f 6e 65 64 20 61 73 | unquest|ioned as|
|00002220| 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 65 | 73 73 20 6f 66 20 52 75 | the pre|ss of Ru|
|00002230| 73 73 69 61 0d 0a 62 6c | 61 7a 6f 6e 65 64 20 61 |ssia..bl|azoned a|
|00002240| 20 68 75 6d 62 6c 65 20 | 74 65 73 74 69 6d 65 6e | humble |testimen|
|00002250| 74 20 6f 66 20 73 75 62 | 6d 69 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 |t of sub|mission |
|00002260| 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 54 72 6f 74 73 6b |signed b|y Trotsk|
|00002270| 79 2c 0d 0a 5a 69 6e 6f | 76 69 65 76 2c 20 4b 61 |y,..Zino|viev, Ka|
|00002280| 6d 65 6e 65 76 3a 20 22 | 57 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 |menev: "|We consi|
|00002290| 64 65 72 20 69 74 20 6f | 75 72 20 64 75 74 79 20 |der it o|ur duty |
|000022a0| 74 6f 20 6f 70 65 6e 6c | 79 20 72 65 63 6f 67 6e |to openl|y recogn|
|000022b0| 69 7a 65 0d 0a 62 65 66 | 6f 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 |ize..bef|ore the |
|000022c0| 70 61 72 74 79 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |party th|at in th|
|000022d0| 65 20 66 69 67 68 74 20 | 66 6f 72 20 6f 75 72 20 |e fight |for our |
|000022e0| 76 69 65 77 73 20 77 65 | 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 75 72 |views we| and our|
|000022f0| 0d 0a 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 | 65 72 73 20 6f 6e 20 61 |..follow|ers on a|
|00002300| 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 | 6f 66 20 6f 63 63 61 73 | number |of occas|
|00002310| 69 6f 6e 73 20 70 65 72 | 6d 69 74 74 65 64 20 6f |ions per|mitted o|
|00002320| 75 72 73 65 6c 76 65 73 | 20 74 6f 20 74 61 6b 65 |urselves| to take|
|00002330| 0d 0a 73 74 65 70 73 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 |..steps |which ar|
|00002340| 65 20 69 6e 20 76 69 6f | 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |e in vio|lation o|
|00002350| 66 20 70 61 72 74 79 20 | 64 69 73 63 69 70 6c 69 |f party |discipli|
|00002360| 6e 65 20 61 6e 64 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 74 65 6e |ne and w|hich ten|
|00002370| 64 0d 0a 74 6f 20 73 70 | 6c 69 74 20 74 68 65 20 |d..to sp|lit the |
|00002380| 70 61 72 74 79 2e 0d 0a | 0d 0a 20 20 22 43 6f 6e |party...|.. "Con|
|00002390| 73 69 64 65 72 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 73 |sidering| these s|
|000023a0| 74 65 70 73 20 75 6e 63 | 6f 6e 64 69 74 69 6f 6e |teps unc|ondition|
|000023b0| 61 6c 6c 79 20 77 72 6f | 6e 67 2c 20 77 65 20 64 |ally wro|ng, we d|
|000023c0| 65 63 6c 61 72 65 0d 0a | 74 68 61 74 20 77 65 20 |eclare..|that we |
|000023d0| 64 65 66 69 6e 69 74 65 | 6c 79 20 67 69 76 65 20 |definite|ly give |
|000023e0| 75 70 20 66 72 61 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6d 65 |up fract|ional me|
|000023f0| 74 68 6f 64 73 20 6f 66 | 20 64 65 66 65 6e 73 65 |thods of| defense|
|00002400| 20 6f 66 20 6f 75 72 0d | 0a 76 69 65 77 73 20 62 | of our.|.views b|
|00002410| 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 61 |ecause o|f the da|
|00002420| 6e 67 65 72 20 6f 66 20 | 73 75 63 68 20 6d 65 74 |nger of |such met|
|00002430| 68 6f 64 73 20 66 6f 72 | 20 74 68 65 20 75 6e 69 |hods for| the uni|
|00002440| 74 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 0d 0a 70 61 72 74 79 |ty of th|e..party|
|00002450| 2e 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a | 28 44 45 43 45 4d 42 45 |."......|(DECEMBE|
|00002460| 52 20 36 2c 20 31 39 32 | 36 29 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 |R 6, 192|6).... |
|00002470| 4c 69 6b 65 20 61 20 73 | 74 65 72 6e 20 67 72 65 |Like a s|tern gre|
|00002480| 79 20 63 61 74 20 63 6c | 61 77 69 6e 67 20 66 65 |y cat cl|awing fe|
|00002490| 61 74 68 65 72 73 20 6f | 6e 65 20 62 79 20 6f 6e |athers o|ne by on|
|000024a0| 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 | 0d 0a 67 61 75 64 79 20 |e from a|..gaudy |
|000024b0| 63 61 6e 61 72 79 20 44 | 69 63 74 61 74 6f 72 20 |canary D|ictator |
|000024c0| 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 20 6f | 66 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 |Stalin o|f Russia|
|000024d0| 20 68 61 73 20 73 70 65 | 6e 74 20 65 6c 65 76 65 | has spe|nt eleve|
|000024e0| 6e 20 6d 6f 6e 74 68 73 | 0d 0a 6d 65 72 63 69 6c |n months|..mercil|
|000024f0| 65 73 73 6c 79 20 64 69 | 76 65 73 74 69 6e 67 20 |essly di|vesting |
|00002500| 6f 66 20 68 69 73 20 70 | 6f 77 65 72 73 20 74 68 |of his p|owers th|
|00002510| 65 20 6f 6e 63 65 20 67 | 72 65 61 74 20 47 72 69 |e once g|reat Gri|
|00002520| 67 6f 72 69 0d 0a 5a 69 | 6e 6f 76 69 65 76 2c 20 |gori..Zi|noviev, |
|00002530| 22 73 70 69 72 69 74 75 | 61 6c 20 73 6f 6e 20 6f |"spiritu|al son o|
|00002540| 66 20 4c 65 6e 69 6e 2c | 22 20 22 62 6f 6d 62 2d |f Lenin,|" "bomb-|
|00002550| 62 6f 79 20 6f 66 20 42 | 6f 6c 73 68 65 76 69 73 |boy of B|olshevis|
|00002560| 6d 2c 22 0d 0a 61 72 63 | 68 2d 64 69 72 65 63 74 |m,"..arc|h-direct|
|00002570| 6f 72 20 6f 66 20 70 6c | 6f 74 73 20 69 6e 20 65 |or of pl|ots in e|
|00002580| 76 65 72 79 20 6c 61 6e | 64 20 74 6f 20 73 75 62 |very lan|d to sub|
|00002590| 76 65 72 74 20 77 6f 72 | 6c 64 0d 0a 63 61 70 69 |vert wor|ld..capi|
|000025a0| 74 61 6c 69 73 6d 2e 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 4c 61 73 |talism..|... Las|
|000025b0| 74 20 77 65 65 6b 20 4d | 2e 20 5a 69 6e 6f 76 69 |t week M|. Zinovi|
|000025c0| 65 76 20 6d 6f 6c 74 65 | 64 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 |ev molte|d the la|
|000025d0| 73 74 20 66 65 61 74 68 | 65 72 20 6f 66 20 68 69 |st feath|er of hi|
|000025e0| 73 20 70 72 65 73 74 69 | 67 65 0d 0a 77 68 65 6e |s presti|ge..when|
|000025f0| 20 68 65 20 77 61 73 20 | 66 6f 72 63 65 64 20 74 | he was |forced t|
|00002600| 6f 20 72 65 73 69 67 6e | 20 61 73 20 50 72 65 73 |o resign| as Pres|
|00002610| 69 64 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 54 68 69 |ident of| the Thi|
|00002620| 72 64 0d 0a 49 6e 74 65 | 72 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 |rd..Inte|rnationa|
|00002630| 6c 2c 20 74 68 65 20 43 | 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 |l, the C|ommunist|
|00002640| 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 20 62 | 75 72 65 61 75 20 66 6f | world b|ureau fo|
|00002650| 72 20 73 75 62 76 65 72 | 73 69 6f 6e 2c 0d 0a 65 |r subver|sion,..e|
|00002660| 73 70 69 6f 6e 61 67 65 | 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 64 64 |spionage| and odd|
|00002670| 20 6a 6f 62 20 70 72 6f | 70 61 67 61 6e 64 61 2e | job pro|paganda.|
|00002680| 20 57 68 65 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 54 68 69 72 64 20 | When th|e Third |
|00002690| 49 6e 74 65 72 6e 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 61 6c 0d 0a 43 |Internat|ional..C|
|000026a0| 6f 6e 66 65 72 65 6e 63 | 65 20 6d 65 74 20 61 74 |onferenc|e met at|
|000026b0| 20 74 68 65 20 4b 72 65 | 6d 6c 69 6e 20 74 6f 20 | the Kre|mlin to |
|000026c0| 63 68 6f 6f 73 65 20 61 | 20 6e 65 77 20 70 72 65 |choose a| new pre|
|000026d0| 73 69 64 65 6e 74 2c 0d | 0a 44 69 63 74 61 74 6f |sident,.|.Dictato|
|000026e0| 72 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e | 20 73 6e 61 70 70 65 64 |r Stalin| snapped|
|000026f0| 20 68 69 73 20 77 68 69 | 70 20 61 6e 64 20 4e 69 | his whi|p and Ni|
|00002700| 6b 6f 6c 61 69 20 42 75 | 6b 68 61 72 69 6e 20 77 |kolai Bu|kharin w|
|00002710| 68 6f 6d 0d 0a 53 74 61 | 6c 69 6e 20 68 61 64 20 |hom..Sta|lin had |
|00002720| 61 6c 72 65 61 64 79 20 | 70 6c 61 63 65 64 20 69 |already |placed i|
|00002730| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 76 69 | 63 65 20 70 72 65 73 69 |n the vi|ce presi|
|00002740| 64 65 6e 63 79 20 77 61 | 73 20 65 6c 65 63 74 65 |dency wa|s electe|
|00002750| 64 0d 0a 50 72 65 73 69 | 64 65 6e 74 2e 0d 0a 0d |d..Presi|dent....|
|00002760| 0a 0d 0a 28 4a 41 4e 55 | 41 52 59 20 33 30 2c 20 |...(JANU|ARY 30, |
|00002770| 31 39 32 38 29 0d 0a 0d | 0a 20 20 54 77 65 6e 74 |1928)...|. Twent|
|00002780| 79 20 6d 69 6e 75 74 65 | 73 20 70 61 73 74 20 6e |y minute|s past n|
|00002790| 69 6e 65 20 77 61 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 68 69 73 74 |ine was |the hist|
|000027a0| 6f 72 69 63 20 68 6f 75 | 72 2e 20 53 75 6c 6c 65 |oric hou|r. Sulle|
|000027b0| 6e 20 62 75 74 0d 0a 64 | 6f 63 69 6c 65 20 52 75 |n but..d|ocile Ru|
|000027c0| 73 73 69 61 6e 73 20 68 | 61 64 20 73 6c 6f 77 6c |ssians h|ad slowl|
|000027d0| 79 20 67 61 74 68 65 72 | 65 64 2c 20 64 72 69 66 |y gather|ed, drif|
|000027e0| 74 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6e |ting in |to the n|
|000027f0| 75 6d 62 65 72 0d 0a 6f | 66 20 31 2c 35 30 30 2e |umber..o|f 1,500.|
|00002800| 20 4e 6f 77 20 74 68 65 | 79 20 77 61 69 74 65 64 | Now the|y waited|
|00002810| 2c 20 6d 61 73 73 65 64 | 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 |, massed| before |
|00002820| 74 68 65 20 67 72 65 61 | 74 20 72 61 69 6c 77 61 |the grea|t railwa|
|00002830| 79 0d 0a 74 65 72 6d 69 | 6e 75 73 20 61 74 20 4d |y..termi|nus at M|
|00002840| 6f 73 63 6f 77 2c 20 73 | 68 75 66 66 6c 69 6e 67 |oscow, s|huffling|
|00002850| 20 61 6e 64 20 73 68 69 | 76 65 72 69 6e 67 20 62 | and shi|vering b|
|00002860| 65 6e 65 61 74 68 20 63 | 6f 6c 64 20 73 74 61 72 |eneath c|old star|
|00002870| 73 2c 0d 0a 62 75 74 20 | 72 65 61 64 79 20 74 6f |s,..but |ready to|
|00002880| 20 73 68 6f 75 74 2e 20 | 22 4c 6f 6e 67 20 6c 69 | shout. |"Long li|
|00002890| 76 65 20 54 72 6f 74 73 | 6b 79 21 22 20 61 6e 64 |ve Trots|ky!" and|
|000028a0| 20 74 68 65 6e 20 22 46 | 61 72 65 77 65 6c 6c 21 | then "F|arewell!|
|000028b0| 0d 0a 46 61 72 65 77 65 | 6c 6c 2e 2e 2e 22 0d 0a |..Farewe|ll..."..|
|000028c0| 0d 0a 20 20 48 65 20 63 | 61 6d 65 20 61 74 20 39 |.. He c|ame at 9|
|000028d0| 3a 31 39 2c 20 73 75 72 | 72 6f 75 6e 64 65 64 20 |:19, sur|rounded |
|000028e0| 62 79 20 61 67 65 6e 74 | 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |by agent|s of the|
|000028f0| 20 53 65 63 72 65 74 20 | 50 6f 6c 69 63 65 2e 0d | Secret |Police..|
|00002900| 0a 57 61 6e 20 61 6e 64 | 20 70 61 6c 6c 69 64 20 |.Wan and| pallid |
|00002910| 68 65 20 73 74 72 6f 64 | 65 20 69 6d 70 61 73 73 |he strod|e impass|
|00002920| 69 76 65 6c 79 20 69 6e | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 |ively in|to the s|
|00002930| 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 | 73 74 65 70 70 69 6e 67 |tation, |stepping|
|00002940| 0d 0a 71 75 69 63 6b 6c | 79 2c 20 63 6c 61 64 20 |..quickl|y, clad |
|00002950| 69 6e 20 61 6e 20 6f 6c | 64 2c 20 73 65 72 76 69 |in an ol|d, servi|
|00002960| 63 65 61 62 6c 65 20 6d | 69 6c 69 74 61 72 79 20 |ceable m|ilitary |
|00002970| 63 6c 6f 61 6b 2e 20 41 | 74 20 74 68 61 74 0d 0a |cloak. A|t that..|
|00002980| 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 72 6f 77 64 |symbol t|he crowd|
|00002990| 20 63 68 65 65 72 65 64 | 2c 20 72 65 6d 65 6d 62 | cheered|, rememb|
|000029a0| 65 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 4c 65 76 20 44 |ering th|at Lev D|
|000029b0| 61 76 69 64 6f 76 69 63 | 68 0d 0a 54 72 6f 74 73 |avidovic|h..Trots|
|000029c0| 6b 79 20 68 61 64 20 61 | 70 70 65 61 72 65 64 20 |ky had a|ppeared |
|000029d0| 74 68 75 73 20 77 68 65 | 6e 20 68 65 20 6f 72 67 |thus whe|n he org|
|000029e0| 61 6e 69 7a 65 64 20 61 | 6e 64 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 |anized a|nd comma|
|000029f0| 6e 64 65 64 20 74 68 65 | 0d 0a 52 65 64 20 41 72 |nded the|..Red Ar|
|00002a00| 6d 79 20 6f 66 20 31 2c | 35 30 30 2c 30 30 30 20 |my of 1,|500,000 |
|00002a10| 6d 65 6e 2e 20 54 6f 64 | 61 79 2c 20 68 6f 77 65 |men. Tod|ay, howe|
|00002a20| 76 65 72 2c 20 54 72 6f | 74 73 6b 79 20 69 73 20 |ver, Tro|tsky is |
|00002a30| 61 73 0d 0a 74 68 72 65 | 61 64 62 61 72 65 20 61 |as..thre|adbare a|
|00002a40| 73 20 68 69 73 20 63 6c | 6f 61 6b 2e 20 4d 61 6e |s his cl|oak. Man|
|00002a50| 20 61 6e 64 20 73 79 6d | 62 6f 6c 20 74 68 65 79 | and sym|bol they|
|00002a60| 20 70 61 73 73 65 64 2c | 20 6c 61 73 74 20 77 65 | passed,| last we|
|00002a70| 65 6b 2c 0d 0a 69 6e 74 | 6f 20 61 20 64 72 61 62 |ek,..int|o a drab|
|00002a80| 20 72 61 69 6c 77 61 79 | 20 63 61 72 20 77 68 69 | railway| car whi|
|00002a90| 63 68 20 72 75 6d 62 6c | 65 64 20 6f 75 74 20 6f |ch rumbl|ed out o|
|00002aa0| 66 20 4d 6f 73 63 6f 77 | 20 61 74 20 74 77 65 6e |f Moscow| at twen|
|00002ab0| 74 79 0d 0a 6d 69 6e 75 | 74 65 73 20 61 66 74 65 |ty..minu|tes afte|
|00002ac0| 72 20 6e 69 6e 65 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 63 72 6f 77 |r nine. |The crow|
|00002ad0| 64 2c 20 6d 6f 76 65 64 | 20 62 75 74 20 73 74 69 |d, moved| but sti|
|00002ae0| 6c 6c 20 70 65 72 66 65 | 63 74 6c 79 20 64 6f 63 |ll perfe|ctly doc|
|00002af0| 69 6c 65 2c 0d 0a 66 65 | 6c 6c 20 74 6f 20 73 6f |ile,..fe|ll to so|
|00002b00| 62 62 69 6e 67 20 70 6c | 65 6e 74 65 6f 75 73 20 |bbing pl|enteous |
|00002b10| 52 75 73 73 69 61 6e 20 | 74 65 61 72 73 2c 20 6d |Russian |tears, m|
|00002b20| 75 72 6d 75 72 65 64 2c | 20 22 54 72 6f 74 73 6b |urmured,| "Trotsk|
|00002b30| 79 20 69 73 0d 0a 67 6f | 6e 65 2e 20 54 72 6f 74 |y is..go|ne. Trot|
|00002b40| 73 6b 79 21 20 4f 68 20 | 68 6f 77 20 73 61 64 2e |sky! Oh |how sad.|
|00002b50| 2e 2e 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 | 20 57 68 65 72 65 20 64 |..".... | Where d|
|00002b60| 69 64 20 68 65 20 67 6f | 3f 20 57 68 79 20 77 61 |id he go|? Why wa|
|00002b70| 73 20 68 65 20 62 61 6e | 69 73 68 65 64 3f 20 54 |s he ban|ished? T|
|00002b80| 68 65 20 6c 61 73 74 20 | 71 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e |he last |question|
|00002b90| 20 6d 75 73 74 0d 0a 62 | 65 20 61 6e 73 77 65 72 | must..b|e answer|
|00002ba0| 65 64 20 66 69 72 73 74 | 2e 20 4c 65 76 20 44 61 |ed first|. Lev Da|
|00002bb0| 76 69 64 6f 76 69 63 68 | 20 54 72 6f 74 73 6b 79 |vidovich| Trotsky|
|00002bc0| 20 61 6e 64 20 35 30 20 | 6d 6f 72 65 20 70 72 6f | and 50 |more pro|
|00002bd0| 6d 69 6e 65 6e 74 0d 0a | 53 6f 76 69 65 74 20 70 |minent..|Soviet p|
|00002be0| 6f 6c 69 74 69 63 69 61 | 6e 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 |oliticia|ns were |
|00002bf0| 62 61 6e 69 73 68 65 64 | 2c 20 6c 61 73 74 20 77 |banished|, last w|
|00002c00| 65 65 6b 2c 20 62 65 63 | 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 |eek, bec|ause the|
|00002c10| 79 20 68 61 64 0d 0a 61 | 74 74 65 6d 70 74 65 64 |y had..a|ttempted|
|00002c20| 20 74 6f 20 6c 65 61 64 | 20 61 6e 20 6f 70 70 6f | to lead| an oppo|
|00002c30| 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 | 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 74 |sition w|ing in t|
|00002c40| 68 65 20 52 75 73 73 69 | 61 6e 20 43 6f 6d 6d 75 |he Russi|an Commu|
|00002c50| 6e 69 73 74 0d 0a 50 61 | 72 74 79 2c 20 61 20 70 |nist..Pa|rty, a p|
|00002c60| 61 72 74 79 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 62 72 6f 6f 6b |arty whi|ch brook|
|00002c70| 73 20 6e 6f 20 6f 70 70 | 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 2e |s no opp|osition.|
|00002c80| 20 42 79 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 61 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 53 | By comm|and of S|
|00002c90| 6f 76 69 65 74 0d 0a 44 | 69 63 74 61 74 6f 72 20 |oviet..D|ictator |
|00002ca0| 4a 6f 73 65 66 20 53 74 | 61 6c 69 6e 2c 20 74 68 |Josef St|alin, th|
|00002cb0| 65 20 6f 70 70 6f 73 69 | 74 69 6f 6e 69 73 74 73 |e opposi|tionists|
|00002cc0| 20 68 61 64 20 62 65 65 | 6e 20 63 61 73 74 20 6f | had bee|n cast o|
|00002cd0| 75 74 20 6f 66 0d 0a 74 | 68 65 20 70 61 72 74 79 |ut of..t|he party|
|00002ce0| 20 61 6e 64 20 65 78 70 | 65 6c 6c 65 64 20 66 72 | and exp|elled fr|
|00002cf0| 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 53 | 6f 76 69 65 74 20 50 61 |om the S|oviet Pa|
|00002d00| 72 6c 69 61 6d 65 6e 74 | 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 54 |rliament|..... T|
|00002d10| 72 6f 74 73 6b 79 20 77 | 61 73 20 73 63 68 65 64 |rotsky w|as sched|
|00002d20| 75 6c 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 73 70 65 65 64 20 62 79 |uled to |speed by|
|00002d30| 20 72 61 69 6c 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 4d 6f 73 63 6f | rail fr|om Mosco|
|00002d40| 77 20 61 63 72 6f 73 73 | 0d 0a 45 75 72 6f 70 65 |w across|..Europe|
|00002d50| 61 6e 20 52 75 73 73 69 | 61 2c 20 74 72 61 76 65 |an Russi|a, trave|
|00002d60| 72 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 62 72 6f 61 64 20 56 6f |rse the |broad Vo|
|00002d70| 6c 67 61 2c 20 70 72 6f | 63 65 65 64 20 61 67 61 |lga, pro|ceed aga|
|00002d80| 69 6e 20 62 79 20 72 61 | 69 6c 0d 0a 74 68 72 6f |in by ra|il..thro|
|00002d90| 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 74 65 70 70 65 73 20 |ugh the |steppes |
|00002da0| 6f 66 20 4b 69 72 67 68 | 69 7a 20 61 6e 64 20 74 |of Kirgh|iz and t|
|00002db0| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e | 64 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |o the en|d of the|
|00002dc0| 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 6d 6f | line in| the..mo|
|00002dd0| 75 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 | 6f 66 20 54 75 72 6b 65 |untains |of Turke|
|00002de0| 73 74 61 6e 2e 20 54 68 | 65 6e 63 65 20 68 65 20 |stan. Th|ence he |
|00002df0| 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 70 61 | 73 73 20 62 79 20 63 61 |would pa|ss by ca|
|00002e00| 72 61 76 61 6e 20 6f 76 | 65 72 0d 0a 6d 6f 72 65 |ravan ov|er..more|
|00002e10| 20 6d 6f 75 6e 74 61 69 | 6e 73 20 61 6e 64 20 73 | mountai|ns and s|
|00002e20| 74 65 70 70 65 73 20 74 | 6f 20 72 65 6d 6f 74 65 |teppes t|o remote|
|00002e30| 20 56 79 65 72 6e 79 69 | 2c 20 74 6f 70 70 69 6e | Vyernyi|, toppin|
|00002e40| 67 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 75 | 70 6c 61 6e 64 73 20 6f |g the..u|plands o|
|00002e50| 66 20 53 65 6d 69 72 65 | 63 68 65 6e 73 6b 2c 20 |f Semire|chensk, |
|00002e60| 61 6e 64 20 64 69 73 74 | 61 6e 74 20 73 6f 6d 65 |and dist|ant some|
|00002e70| 20 31 35 30 20 6d 69 6c | 65 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 150 mil|es from |
|00002e80| 74 68 65 0d 0a 43 68 69 | 6e 65 73 65 20 66 72 6f |the..Chi|nese fro|
|00002e90| 6e 74 69 65 72 2c 20 31 | 2c 38 30 30 20 6d 69 6c |ntier, 1|,800 mil|
|00002ea0| 65 73 20 61 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 72 6f 77 20 66 |es as th|e crow f|
|00002eb0| 6c 69 65 73 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 4d 6f 73 63 6f 77 |lies fro|m Moscow|
|00002ec0| 2c 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 35 | 30 30 20 6d 69 6c 65 73 |, and..5|00 miles|
|00002ed0| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 | 65 20 62 6f 72 64 65 72 | from th|e border|
|00002ee0| 20 6f 66 20 49 6e 64 69 | 61 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | of Indi|a..... |
|00002ef0| 46 6f 72 20 79 65 61 72 | 73 20 22 42 6f 6d 62 20 |For year|s "Bomb |
|00002f00| 42 6f 79 20 6f 66 20 42 | 6f 6c 73 68 65 76 69 73 |Boy of B|olshevis|
|00002f10| 6d 22 20 47 72 69 67 6f | 72 69 20 45 76 73 65 65 |m" Grigo|ri Evsee|
|00002f20| 76 69 63 68 20 5a 69 6e | 6f 76 69 65 76 0d 0a 64 |vich Zin|oviev..d|
|00002f30| 69 72 65 63 74 65 64 20 | 53 6f 76 69 65 74 20 73 |irected |Soviet s|
|00002f40| 75 62 76 65 72 73 69 76 | 65 20 70 72 6f 70 61 67 |ubversiv|e propag|
|00002f50| 61 6e 64 61 20 74 68 72 | 6f 75 67 68 6f 75 74 20 |anda thr|oughout |
|00002f60| 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 6c | 64 2e 20 4c 61 73 74 0d |the worl|d. Last.|
|00002f70| 0a 77 65 65 6b 20 5a 69 | 6e 6f 76 69 65 76 2c 20 |.week Zi|noviev, |
|00002f80| 6f 6e 63 65 20 61 20 77 | 6f 72 6c 64 20 6d 65 6e |once a w|orld men|
|00002f90| 61 63 65 2c 20 77 65 6e | 74 20 73 75 62 6d 69 73 |ace, wen|t submis|
|00002fa0| 73 69 76 65 6c 79 20 69 | 6e 74 6f 20 65 78 69 6c |sively i|nto exil|
|00002fb0| 65 0d 0a 61 74 20 54 61 | 6d 62 6f 76 2c 20 69 6e |e..at Ta|mbov, in|
|00002fc0| 20 63 65 6e 74 72 61 6c | 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 2c | central| Russia,|
|00002fd0| 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 32 38 | 30 20 6d 69 6c 65 73 20 | only 28|0 miles |
|00002fe0| 66 72 6f 6d 20 4d 6f 73 | 63 6f 77 2e 20 53 6f 0d |from Mos|cow. So.|
|00002ff0| 0a 6c 65 6e 69 65 6e 74 | 20 61 20 73 65 6e 74 65 |.lenient| a sente|
|00003000| 6e 63 65 20 72 65 73 75 | 6c 74 65 64 20 66 72 6f |nce resu|lted fro|
|00003010| 6d 20 74 68 65 20 66 61 | 63 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 |m the fa|ct that |
|00003020| 68 65 20 61 6e 64 20 68 | 69 73 0d 0a 66 6f 6c 6c |he and h|is..foll|
|00003030| 6f 77 65 72 73 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 72 65 6e 6f 75 |owers ha|ve renou|
|00003040| 6e 63 65 64 20 74 68 65 | 69 72 20 72 65 63 65 6e |nced the|ir recen|
|00003050| 74 20 61 6c 6c 69 61 6e | 63 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 |t allian|ce with |
|00003060| 74 68 65 0d 0a 74 72 75 | 63 75 6c 65 6e 74 20 54 |the..tru|culent T|
|00003070| 72 6f 74 73 6b 79 20 66 | 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 |rotsky f|action a|
|00003080| 6e 64 20 6e 6f 77 20 70 | 65 74 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 |nd now p|etition |
|00003090| 68 75 6d 62 6c 79 20 74 | 6f 20 62 65 0d 0a 72 65 |humbly t|o be..re|
|000030a0| 69 6e 73 74 61 74 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |instated| in the |
|000030b0| 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 | 74 20 50 61 72 74 79 2e |Communis|t Party.|
|000030c0| 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | 5b 42 79 20 64 65 63 61 |...... |[By deca|
|000030d0| 64 65 73 20 65 6e 64 2c | 20 42 75 6b 68 61 72 69 |des end,| Bukhari|
|000030e0| 6e 2c 20 77 68 6f 20 68 | 61 64 20 72 65 70 6c 61 |n, who h|ad repla|
|000030f0| 63 65 64 20 5a 69 6e 6f | 76 69 65 76 2c 20 68 61 |ced Zino|viev, ha|
|00003100| 64 0d 0a 61 6c 72 65 61 | 64 79 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f |d..alrea|dy follo|
|00003110| 77 65 64 20 68 69 6d 20 | 69 6e 74 6f 20 64 69 73 |wed him |into dis|
|00003120| 67 72 61 63 65 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 72 65 76 6f 6c |grace. T|he revol|
|00003130| 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 | 73 20 64 65 76 6f 75 72 |ution wa|s devour|
|00003140| 69 6e 67 0d 0a 69 74 73 | 20 63 68 69 6c 64 72 65 |ing..its| childre|
|00003150| 6e 2e 5d 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |n.].... | |
|00003160| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00003170| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 2a 20 2a 20 2a 0d 0a 0d | |* * *...|
|00003180| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 5b 54 68 | 65 20 4e 2e 45 2e 50 2e |... [Th|e N.E.P.|
|00003190| 20 77 61 73 20 74 6f 6f | 20 67 6f 6f 64 20 74 6f | was too| good to|
|000031a0| 20 6c 61 73 74 2e 20 49 | 74 20 73 70 61 72 65 64 | last. I|t spared|
|000031b0| 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 73 | 74 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 69 | the vas|t majori|
|000031c0| 74 79 0d 0a 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 53 6f 76 69 65 |ty..of t|he Sovie|
|000031d0| 74 20 70 6f 70 75 6c 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 53 74 61 |t popula|tion Sta|
|000031e0| 6c 69 6e 27 73 20 74 6f | 74 61 6c 20 63 6f 6e 74 |lin's to|tal cont|
|000031f0| 72 6f 6c 2e 20 49 74 20 | 61 6c 73 6f 20 77 61 73 |rol. It |also was|
|00003200| 20 6e 6f 74 0d 0a 79 69 | 65 6c 64 69 6e 67 20 65 | not..yi|elding e|
|00003210| 69 74 68 65 72 20 65 6e | 6f 75 67 68 20 66 6f 72 |ither en|ough for|
|00003220| 65 69 67 6e 20 65 78 63 | 68 61 6e 67 65 20 66 72 |eign exc|hange fr|
|00003230| 6f 6d 20 67 72 61 69 6e | 20 73 61 6c 65 73 20 61 |om grain| sales a|
|00003240| 62 72 6f 61 64 0d 0a 6f | 72 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 |broad..o|r enough|
|00003250| 20 63 61 70 69 74 61 6c | 20 74 6f 20 66 69 6e 61 | capital| to fina|
|00003260| 6e 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 72 61 70 69 64 20 69 6e |nce the |rapid in|
|00003270| 64 75 73 74 72 69 61 6c | 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |dustrial|ization |
|00003280| 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 0d 0a | 77 61 73 20 63 61 6c 6c |Stalin..|was call|
|00003290| 69 6e 67 20 66 6f 72 2c | 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 74 |ing for,| with st|
|000032a0| 65 65 6c 20 6d 69 6c 6c | 73 2c 20 64 61 6d 73 20 |eel mill|s, dams |
|000032b0| 61 6e 64 20 74 72 61 63 | 74 6f 72 20 66 61 63 74 |and trac|tor fact|
|000032c0| 6f 72 69 65 73 0d 0a 74 | 6f 20 73 68 6f 77 20 74 |ories..t|o show t|
|000032d0| 68 65 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 69 67 |he world| the mig|
|000032e0| 68 74 20 6f 66 20 43 6f | 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 6d 2e |ht of Co|mmunism.|
|000032f0| 20 49 6e 20 31 39 32 37 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 68 61 | In 1927|, the ha|
|00003300| 72 76 65 73 74 0d 0a 77 | 61 73 20 70 6f 6f 72 2c |rvest..w|as poor,|
|00003310| 20 74 68 65 20 70 65 61 | 73 61 6e 74 73 20 68 6f | the pea|sants ho|
|00003320| 61 72 64 65 64 20 67 72 | 61 69 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 |arded gr|ain and |
|00003330| 72 65 66 75 73 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 74 61 6b 65 20 |refused |to take |
|00003340| 74 68 65 0d 0a 67 6f 76 | 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 27 |the..gov|ernment'|
|00003350| 73 20 6d 6f 6e 65 79 20 | 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 |s money |because |
|00003360| 74 68 65 72 65 20 77 61 | 73 20 6e 6f 74 68 69 6e |there wa|s nothin|
|00003370| 67 20 77 6f 72 74 68 77 | 68 69 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 |g worthw|hile to |
|00003380| 73 70 65 6e 64 0d 0a 69 | 74 20 6f 6e 2e 20 54 68 |spend..i|t on. Th|
|00003390| 65 72 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c | 6f 77 65 64 20 73 74 72 |ere foll|owed str|
|000033a0| 6f 6e 67 2d 61 72 6d 20 | 63 6f 6e 66 69 73 63 61 |ong-arm |confisca|
|000033b0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 62 79 | 20 33 30 2c 30 30 30 20 |tions by| 30,000 |
|000033c0| 70 61 72 74 79 0d 0a 77 | 6f 72 6b 65 72 73 2c 20 |party..w|orkers, |
|000033d0| 61 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 62 61 64 20 6f 6c |as in th|e bad ol|
|000033e0| 64 20 64 61 79 73 20 6f | 66 20 57 61 72 20 43 6f |d days o|f War Co|
|000033f0| 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 6d 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 0d 0a |mmunism,| and a..|
|00003400| 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 2d 64 | 69 72 65 63 74 65 64 20 |Stalin-d|irected |
|00003410| 70 72 6f 70 61 67 61 6e | 64 61 20 63 61 6d 70 61 |propagan|da campa|
|00003420| 69 67 6e 20 61 67 61 69 | 6e 73 74 20 4b 75 6c 61 |ign agai|nst Kula|
|00003430| 6b 73 2c 20 61 20 74 65 | 72 6d 0d 0a 64 65 72 69 |ks, a te|rm..deri|
|00003440| 76 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 74 68 65 20 52 75 73 |ved from| the Rus|
|00003450| 73 69 61 6e 20 77 6f 72 | 64 20 66 6f 72 20 66 69 |sian wor|d for fi|
|00003460| 73 74 20 61 6e 64 20 6d | 65 61 6e 69 6e 67 20 61 |st and m|eaning a|
|00003470| 20 67 72 61 73 70 69 6e | 67 2c 0d 0a 67 72 65 65 | graspin|g,..gree|
|00003480| 64 79 20 70 65 61 73 61 | 6e 74 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |dy peasa|nt. The |
|00003490| 72 65 67 69 6d 65 20 63 | 6c 61 73 73 65 64 20 61 |regime c|lassed a|
|000034a0| 73 20 4b 75 6c 61 6b 73 | 20 61 6c 6c 20 73 6f 2d |s Kulaks| all so-|
|000034b0| 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 72 | 69 63 68 0d 0a 70 65 61 |called r|ich..pea|
|000034c0| 73 61 6e 74 73 2c 20 62 | 75 74 20 69 6e 20 66 61 |sants, b|ut in fa|
|000034d0| 63 74 20 61 6c 6c 20 70 | 65 61 73 61 6e 74 73 2c |ct all p|easants,|
|000034e0| 20 6f 66 20 77 68 61 74 | 65 76 65 72 20 64 65 67 | of what|ever deg|
|000034f0| 72 65 65 20 6f 66 0d 0a | 77 65 6c 6c 2d 62 65 69 |ree of..|well-bei|
|00003500| 6e 67 2c 20 68 61 74 65 | 64 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 |ng, hate|d the re|
|00003510| 67 69 6d 65 20 66 6f 72 | 20 69 74 20 63 6f 6e 66 |gime for| it conf|
|00003520| 69 73 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 6f 66 20 63 72 6f |iscation|s of cro|
|00003530| 70 73 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a | 66 6f 72 20 69 74 73 20 |ps and..|for its |
|00003540| 62 65 74 72 61 79 61 6c | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |betrayal| of the |
|00003550| 70 65 61 73 61 6e 74 20 | 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 20 |peasant |support |
|00003560| 74 68 61 74 20 68 61 64 | 20 68 65 6c 70 65 64 20 |that had| helped |
|00003570| 4c 65 6e 69 6e 0d 0a 61 | 6e 64 20 53 74 61 6c 69 |Lenin..a|nd Stali|
|00003580| 6e 20 63 6f 6d 65 20 74 | 6f 20 70 6f 77 65 72 2e |n come t|o power.|
|00003590| 5d 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a 28 | 4e 4f 56 45 4d 42 45 52 |]......(|NOVEMBER|
|000035a0| 20 32 36 2c 20 31 39 32 | 38 29 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | 26, 192|8).... |
|000035b0| 57 69 74 68 20 73 74 61 | 72 6b 2c 20 62 72 75 74 |With sta|rk, brut|
|000035c0| 61 6c 20 63 61 6e 64 6f | 72 20 74 68 65 20 53 6f |al cando|r the So|
|000035d0| 76 69 65 74 20 53 74 61 | 74 65 20 61 6e 6e 6f 75 |viet Sta|te annou|
|000035e0| 6e 63 65 64 2c 20 6c 61 | 73 74 0d 0a 77 65 65 6b |nced, la|st..week|
|000035f0| 2c 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 | 68 20 69 74 73 20 6f 66 |, throug|h its of|
|00003600| 66 69 63 69 61 6c 20 6e | 65 77 73 20 6f 72 67 61 |ficial n|ews orga|
|00003610| 6e 20 49 73 76 65 73 74 | 69 61 2c 20 74 68 61 74 |n Isvest|ia, that|
|00003620| 20 73 61 76 61 67 65 20 | 61 6e 64 0d 0a 6d 75 72 | savage |and..mur|
|00003630| 64 65 72 6f 75 73 20 72 | 65 73 69 73 74 61 6e 63 |derous r|esistanc|
|00003640| 65 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 53 6f 76 69 65 74 20 |e to the| Soviet |
|00003650| 50 6f 77 65 72 20 69 73 | 20 6e 6f 77 20 62 65 69 |Power is| now bei|
|00003660| 6e 67 20 6d 61 64 65 20 | 62 79 0d 0a 6d 65 6d 62 |ng made |by..memb|
|00003670| 65 72 73 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 4b 75 6c 61 6b |ers of t|he Kulak|
|00003680| 20 6f 72 20 22 52 69 63 | 68 20 50 65 61 73 61 6e | or "Ric|h Peasan|
|00003690| 74 22 20 63 6c 61 73 73 | 2d 2d 74 68 65 20 63 6c |t" class|--the cl|
|000036a0| 61 73 73 20 6d 6f 73 74 | 0d 0a 72 65 6c 65 6e 74 |ass most|..relent|
|000036b0| 6c 65 73 73 6c 79 20 74 | 61 78 65 64 20 62 79 20 |lessly t|axed by |
|000036c0| 4d 6f 73 63 6f 77 27 73 | 20 73 6f 76 65 72 65 69 |Moscow's| soverei|
|000036d0| 67 6e 20 50 72 6f 6c 65 | 74 61 72 69 61 74 2e 0d |gn Prole|tariat..|
|000036e0| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 44 6f 75 | 62 6c 65 64 20 77 61 73 |... Dou|bled was|
|000036f0| 20 74 68 65 20 67 72 61 | 76 69 74 79 20 6f 66 20 | the gra|vity of |
|00003700| 74 68 69 73 20 67 72 69 | 6d 20 61 63 63 6f 75 6e |this gri|m accoun|
|00003710| 74 20 77 68 65 6e 20 69 | 74 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 |t when i|t appear|
|00003720| 65 64 0d 0a 68 6f 77 20 | 77 69 64 65 73 70 72 65 |ed..how |widespre|
|00003730| 61 64 20 61 72 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 61 72 65 61 73 |ad are t|he areas|
|00003740| 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 72 | 65 64 20 66 6c 61 6d 65 | where r|ed flame|
|00003750| 73 20 72 65 61 72 65 64 | 20 68 69 67 68 2c 20 6c |s reared| high, l|
|00003760| 61 73 74 0d 0a 77 65 65 | 6b 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 63 |ast..wee|k, and c|
|00003770| 72 75 64 65 20 4b 75 6c | 61 6b 20 62 75 74 63 68 |rude Kul|ak butch|
|00003780| 65 72 20 6b 6e 69 76 65 | 73 20 63 61 72 76 65 64 |er knive|s carved|
|00003790| 20 74 68 65 20 77 68 69 | 74 65 20 66 6c 65 73 68 | the whi|te flesh|
|000037a0| 20 6f 66 0d 0a 22 77 6f | 6d 65 6e 20 61 73 20 77 | of.."wo|men as w|
|000037b0| 65 6c 6c 20 61 73 20 6d | 65 6e 2e 22 20 4e 61 6d |ell as m|en." Nam|
|000037c0| 65 64 20 61 73 20 74 72 | 6f 75 62 6c 65 20 63 65 |ed as tr|ouble ce|
|000037d0| 6e 74 65 72 73 20 62 79 | 20 49 73 76 65 73 74 69 |nters by| Isvesti|
|000037e0| 61 0d 0a 77 65 72 65 20 | 49 72 6b 75 74 73 6b 20 |a..were |Irkutsk |
|000037f0| 69 6e 20 53 69 62 65 72 | 69 61 2c 20 4d 69 6e 73 |in Siber|ia, Mins|
|00003800| 6b 20 61 6e 64 20 53 6d | 6f 6c 65 6e 73 6b 20 69 |k and Sm|olensk i|
|00003810| 6e 20 57 68 69 74 65 20 | 52 75 73 73 69 61 2c 0d |n White |Russia,.|
|00003820| 0a 4b 69 65 76 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 55 6b 72 |.Kiev in| the Ukr|
|00003830| 61 69 6e 65 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 |aine, an|d three |
|00003840| 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e | 74 20 74 6f 77 6e 73 20 |importan|t towns |
|00003850| 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 75 | 70 70 65 72 2c 0d 0a 6d |on the u|pper,..m|
|00003860| 69 64 64 6c 65 20 61 6e | 64 20 6c 6f 77 65 72 20 |iddle an|d lower |
|00003870| 56 6f 6c 67 61 20 52 69 | 76 65 72 2d 2d 59 61 72 |Volga Ri|ver--Yar|
|00003880| 6f 73 61 6c 76 65 2c 20 | 53 61 6d 61 72 61 20 61 |osalve, |Samara a|
|00003890| 6e 64 20 53 74 61 6c 69 | 6e 67 72 61 64 2e 0d 0a |nd Stali|ngrad...|
|000038a0| 0d 0a 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 4b 75 6c 61 6b 20 6d 75 |.. The |Kulak mu|
|000038b0| 72 64 65 72 73 20 6f 66 | 20 6c 61 73 74 20 77 65 |rders of| last we|
|000038c0| 65 6b 20 64 69 64 20 6e | 6f 74 20 66 6f 72 65 73 |ek did n|ot fores|
|000038d0| 68 61 64 6f 77 20 61 20 | 72 65 76 6f 6c 74 20 6f |hadow a |revolt o|
|000038e0| 66 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 70 | 65 61 73 61 6e 74 72 79 |f..the p|easantry|
|000038f0| 20 61 73 20 61 20 77 68 | 6f 6c 65 2c 20 62 75 74 | as a wh|ole, but|
|00003900| 20 75 6e 71 75 65 73 74 | 69 6f 6e 61 62 6c 79 20 | unquest|ionably |
|00003910| 74 68 65 79 20 74 72 6f | 75 62 6c 65 64 20 74 68 |they tro|ubled th|
|00003920| 65 0d 0a 6d 69 6e 64 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 66 72 61 |e..minds| and fra|
|00003930| 79 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 6e 65 72 76 65 73 20 6f |yed the |nerves o|
|00003940| 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 | 61 74 65 73 6d 65 6e 20 |f the st|atesmen |
|00003950| 77 68 6f 20 72 75 6c 65 | 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 0d |who rule| Russia.|
|00003960| 0a 66 72 6f 6d 20 4d 6f | 73 63 6f 77 27 73 20 74 |.from Mo|scow's t|
|00003970| 68 69 63 6b 2d 77 61 6c | 6c 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 |hick-wal|led and |
|00003980| 74 61 6c 6c 2d 74 6f 77 | 65 72 65 64 20 4b 72 65 |tall-tow|ered Kre|
|00003990| 6d 6c 69 6e 2e 0d 0a 0d | 0a 20 20 44 75 72 69 6e |mlin....|. Durin|
|000039a0| 67 20 74 68 65 20 70 61 | 73 74 20 74 77 65 6c 76 |g the pa|st twelv|
|000039b0| 65 6d 6f 6e 74 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 44 69 63 74 61 |emonth t|he Dicta|
|000039c0| 74 6f 72 20 74 72 69 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 63 |tor trie|d to inc|
|000039d0| 72 65 61 73 65 0d 0a 67 | 72 61 69 6e 20 70 72 6f |rease..g|rain pro|
|000039e0| 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 62 79 20 63 72 65 61 74 |duction |by creat|
|000039f0| 69 6e 67 20 65 6e 6f 72 | 6d 6f 75 73 20 73 74 61 |ing enor|mous sta|
|00003a00| 74 65 20 66 61 72 6d 73 | 20 28 77 6f 72 6b 65 64 |te farms| (worked|
|00003a10| 20 62 79 0d 0a 70 72 6f | 6c 65 74 61 72 69 61 6e | by..pro|letarian|
|00003a20| 73 29 20 61 6e 64 20 62 | 79 20 73 65 6e 64 69 6e |s) and b|y sendin|
|00003a30| 67 20 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e | 69 73 74 20 69 6e 73 74 |g Commun|ist inst|
|00003a40| 72 75 63 74 6f 72 73 20 | 74 6f 20 63 6f 61 63 68 |ructors |to coach|
|00003a50| 0d 0a 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 | 66 61 72 6d 65 72 73 20 |..small |farmers |
|00003a60| 69 6e 20 6d 65 74 68 6f | 64 73 20 66 6f 72 20 69 |in metho|ds for i|
|00003a70| 6e 63 72 65 61 73 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 20 79 69 |ncreasin|g the yi|
|00003a80| 65 6c 64 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 69 72 20 61 72 6d |eld of t|heir arm|
|00003a90| 73 2e 0d 0a 4e 61 74 75 | 72 61 6c 6c 79 20 74 68 |s...Natu|rally th|
|00003aa0| 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | 64 75 72 65 20 74 68 72 |is proce|dure thr|
|00003ab0| 65 61 74 65 6e 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 75 6e 64 65 72 |eatened |to under|
|00003ac0| 6d 69 6e 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 6c 6f 63 61 6c 6c 79 |mine the| locally|
|00003ad0| 0d 0a 6d 6f 6e 6f 70 6f | 6c 69 73 74 69 63 20 70 |..monopo|listic p|
|00003ae0| 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 4b |osition |of the K|
|00003af0| 75 6c 61 6b 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 74 65 6e 64 65 64 |ulaks an|d tended|
|00003b00| 20 74 6f 20 66 6f 72 63 | 65 20 64 6f 77 6e 0d 0a | to forc|e down..|
|00003b10| 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 66 75 | 72 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 |still fu|rther th|
|00003b20| 65 20 70 72 69 63 65 20 | 61 74 20 77 68 69 63 68 |e price |at which|
|00003b30| 20 74 68 65 20 53 74 61 | 74 65 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 | the Sta|te could|
|00003b40| 20 63 6f 6d 70 65 6c 0d | 0a 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 | compel.|.produce|
|00003b50| 72 73 20 74 6f 20 73 65 | 6c 6c 20 67 72 61 69 6e |rs to se|ll grain|
|00003b60| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 61 72 | 73 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 |. The ar|son and |
|00003b70| 6d 75 72 64 65 72 20 6f | 66 20 6c 61 73 74 20 77 |murder o|f last w|
|00003b80| 65 65 6b 20 61 72 65 0d | 0a 76 65 72 79 20 6c 61 |eek are.|.very la|
|00003b90| 72 67 65 6c 79 20 65 78 | 70 6c 61 69 6e 65 64 20 |rgely ex|plained |
|00003ba0| 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 64 | 65 73 70 61 69 72 20 6f |by the d|espair o|
|00003bb0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 4b 75 | 6c 61 6b 73 20 61 74 20 |f the Ku|laks at |
|00003bc0| 74 68 69 73 20 6e 65 77 | 0d 0a 73 69 74 75 61 74 |this new|..situat|
|00003bd0| 69 6f 6e 2e 20 54 68 65 | 79 20 62 75 72 6e 74 20 |ion. The|y burnt |
|00003be0| 66 69 65 6c 64 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 62 61 72 6e 73 |fields a|nd barns|
|00003bf0| 20 6f 66 20 53 74 61 74 | 65 2d 67 72 6f 77 6e 20 | of Stat|e-grown |
|00003c00| 67 72 61 69 6e 2e 0d 0a | 54 68 65 79 20 6d 75 72 |grain...|They mur|
|00003c10| 64 65 72 65 64 20 43 6f | 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 20 |dered Co|mmunist |
|00003c20| 77 6f 72 6b 65 72 73 20 | 77 68 6f 20 77 65 72 65 |workers |who were|
|00003c30| 20 74 65 61 63 68 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 20 70 65 | teachin|g the pe|
|00003c40| 61 73 61 6e 74 73 0d 0a | 61 6e 64 20 70 72 6f 6c |asants..|and prol|
|00003c50| 65 74 61 72 69 61 6e 73 | 2d 74 75 72 6e 65 64 2d |etarians|-turned-|
|00003c60| 66 61 72 6d 65 72 73 20 | 74 6f 20 67 72 6f 77 20 |farmers |to grow |
|00003c70| 62 69 67 67 65 72 20 63 | 72 6f 70 73 2e 20 4e 61 |bigger c|rops. Na|
|00003c80| 74 75 72 61 6c 6c 79 0d | 0a 74 68 65 69 72 20 66 |turally.|.their f|
|00003c90| 75 72 79 20 67 72 65 77 | 20 61 74 20 74 69 6d 65 |ury grew| at time|
|00003ca0| 73 20 69 6e 64 69 73 63 | 72 69 6d 69 6e 61 74 65 |s indisc|riminate|
|00003cb0| 2c 20 69 6e 63 6f 6e 73 | 69 73 74 65 6e 74 2c 20 |, incons|istent, |
|00003cc0| 77 61 6e 74 6f 6e 2c 0d | 0a 6d 61 64 2e 0d 0a 0d |wanton,.|.mad....|
|00003cd0| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 5b 54 68 | 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 |... [Th|e first |
|00003ce0| 46 69 76 65 20 59 65 61 | 72 20 50 6c 61 6e 20 66 |Five Yea|r Plan f|
|00003cf0| 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 53 | 6f 76 69 65 74 20 65 63 |or the S|oviet ec|
|00003d00| 6f 6e 6f 6d 79 20 77 61 | 73 20 61 6e 6e 6f 75 6e |onomy wa|s announ|
|00003d10| 63 65 64 0d 0a 69 6e 20 | 31 39 32 38 2e 20 54 68 |ced..in |1928. Th|
|00003d20| 65 20 6e 65 78 74 20 79 | 65 61 72 20 69 74 20 77 |e next y|ear it w|
|00003d30| 61 73 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f | 77 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 |as follo|wed by t|
|00003d40| 68 65 20 66 6f 72 63 65 | 64 0d 0a 63 6f 6c 6c 65 |he force|d..colle|
|00003d50| 63 74 69 76 69 7a 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 |ctivizat|ion of t|
|00003d60| 68 65 20 31 30 30 2d 6d | 69 6c 6c 69 6f 6e 2d 73 |he 100-m|illion-s|
|00003d70| 74 72 6f 6e 67 20 52 75 | 73 73 69 61 6e 20 70 65 |trong Ru|ssian pe|
|00003d80| 61 73 61 6e 74 72 79 2c | 0d 0a 70 6f 6f 72 2c 20 |asantry,|..poor, |
|00003d90| 6d 69 64 64 6c 65 2d 63 | 6c 61 73 73 20 61 6e 64 |middle-c|lass and|
|00003da0| 20 73 6f 2d 63 61 6c 6c | 65 64 20 4b 75 6c 61 6b | so-call|ed Kulak|
|00003db0| 73 2e 20 42 79 20 74 68 | 65 20 74 69 6d 65 20 69 |s. By th|e time i|
|00003dc0| 74 20 65 6e 64 65 64 0d | 0a 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |t ended.|.in the |
|00003dd0| 31 39 33 30 73 2c 20 73 | 6f 6d 65 20 66 69 76 65 |1930s, s|ome five|
|00003de0| 20 6d 69 6c 6c 69 6f 6e | 20 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 | million| people |
|00003df0| 68 61 64 20 62 65 65 6e | 20 6b 69 6c 6c 65 64 20 |had been| killed |
|00003e00| 61 6e 64 0d 0a 70 65 72 | 68 61 70 73 20 74 77 69 |and..per|haps twi|
|00003e10| 63 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 69 |ce that |number i|
|00003e20| 6d 70 72 69 73 6f 6e 65 | 64 20 6f 72 20 73 65 6e |mprisone|d or sen|
|00003e30| 74 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 69 | 6e 74 65 72 6e 61 6c 0d |t into i|nternal.|
|00003e40| 0a 65 78 69 6c 65 2e 5d | 0d 0a 0d 0a 28 4a 55 4c |.exile.]|....(JUL|
|00003e50| 59 20 31 2c 20 31 39 32 | 39 29 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 |Y 1, 192|9).... |
|00003e60| 54 68 65 20 72 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 69 6e 67 20 73 79 |The rati|oning sy|
|00003e70| 73 74 65 6d 20 69 73 20 | 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 |stem is |part of |
|00003e80| 61 20 76 61 73 74 20 70 | 6c 61 6e 20 77 68 69 63 |a vast p|lan whic|
|00003e90| 68 20 44 69 63 74 61 74 | 6f 72 0d 0a 4a 6f 73 65 |h Dictat|or..Jose|
|00003ea0| 66 20 28 22 53 74 65 65 | 6c 22 29 20 53 74 61 6c |f ("Stee|l") Stal|
|00003eb0| 69 6e 20 69 73 20 72 65 | 6c 65 6e 74 6c 65 73 73 |in is re|lentless|
|00003ec0| 6c 79 20 70 75 72 73 75 | 69 6e 67 2e 20 49 66 20 |ly pursu|ing. If |
|00003ed0| 74 68 65 0d 0a 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 69 6e 67 20 73 |the..rat|ioning s|
|00003ee0| 79 73 74 65 6d 20 70 69 | 6e 63 68 65 73 20 52 75 |ystem pi|nches Ru|
|00003ef0| 73 73 69 61 6e 20 73 74 | 6f 6d 61 63 68 73 2c 20 |ssian st|omachs, |
|00003f00| 74 68 65 6e 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 69 |then tha|t also i|
|00003f10| 73 0d 0a 70 61 72 74 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 |s..part |of the p|
|00003f20| 6c 61 6e 2c 20 61 6e 74 | 69 63 69 70 61 74 65 64 |lan, ant|icipated|
|00003f30| 20 62 79 20 44 69 63 74 | 61 74 6f 72 20 53 74 61 | by Dict|ator Sta|
|00003f40| 6c 69 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 0d 0a 43 6f 6d |lin and |the..Com|
|00003f50| 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 20 50 | 61 72 74 79 20 61 6e 64 |munist P|arty and|
|00003f60| 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 62 | 6f 72 6e 65 20 73 74 6f | to be b|orne sto|
|00003f70| 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 62 | 79 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 |ically b|y Russia|
|00003f80| 6e 73 20 75 6e 74 69 6c | 20 4f 63 74 2e 0d 0a 31 |ns until| Oct...1|
|00003f90| 2c 20 31 39 33 33 2c 20 | 69 66 20 6e 65 63 65 73 |, 1933, |if neces|
|00003fa0| 73 61 72 79 2e 20 46 6f | 72 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 |sary. Fo|r until |
|00003fb0| 74 68 61 74 20 64 61 74 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 53 6f |that dat|e the So|
|00003fc0| 76 69 65 74 20 47 6f 76 | 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 0d |viet Gov|ernment.|
|00003fd0| 0a 61 6e 64 20 22 42 6f | 73 73 22 20 53 74 61 6c |.and "Bo|ss" Stal|
|00003fe0| 69 6e 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 74 68 6f 72 6f 75 67 68 |in have |thorough|
|00003ff0| 6c 79 20 63 6f 6d 6d 69 | 74 74 65 64 20 74 68 65 |ly commi|tted the|
|00004000| 6d 73 65 6c 76 65 73 20 | 74 6f 20 61 6e 0d 0a 65 |mselves |to an..e|
|00004010| 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 69 63 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 |conomic |program |
|00004020| 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 | 20 74 6f 20 74 72 61 6e |which is| to tran|
|00004030| 73 66 6f 72 6d 20 74 68 | 65 20 53 6f 76 69 65 74 |sform th|e Soviet|
|00004040| 20 55 6e 69 6f 6e 20 69 | 6e 74 6f 20 61 6e 0d 0a | Union i|nto an..|
|00004050| 69 6e 64 75 73 74 72 69 | 61 6c 20 67 69 61 6e 74 |industri|al giant|
|00004060| 2c 20 6e 6f 75 72 69 73 | 68 65 64 20 64 75 72 69 |, nouris|hed duri|
|00004070| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6e | 65 78 74 20 66 6f 75 72 |ng the n|ext four|
|00004080| 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 62 | 79 20 61 0d 0a 32 34 2d | years b|y a..24-|
|00004090| 62 69 6c 6c 69 6f 6e 2d | 64 6f 6c 6c 61 72 20 69 |billion-|dollar i|
|000040a0| 6e 76 65 73 74 6d 65 6e | 74 20 69 6e 20 66 61 63 |nvestmen|t in fac|
|000040b0| 74 6f 72 79 20 65 71 75 | 69 70 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 |tory equ|ipment. |
|000040c0| 4f 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 | 68 75 67 65 0d 0a 73 75 |Of this |huge..su|
|000040d0| 6d 20 37 38 25 20 69 73 | 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 73 |m 78% is| being s|
|000040e0| 70 65 6e 74 20 6f 6e 20 | 6d 61 63 68 69 6e 65 73 |pent on |machines|
|000040f0| 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 | 20 6d 61 63 68 69 6e 65 | to make| machine|
|00004100| 73 2c 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 | 32 32 25 0d 0a 6f 6e 20 |s, only |22%..on |
|00004110| 74 68 65 20 6d 61 6e 75 | 66 61 63 74 75 72 65 20 |the manu|facture |
|00004120| 6f 66 20 67 6f 6f 64 73 | 20 66 6f 72 20 64 69 72 |of goods| for dir|
|00004130| 65 63 74 20 63 6f 6e 73 | 75 6d 70 74 69 6f 6e 2e |ect cons|umption.|
|00004140| 20 54 68 65 72 65 66 6f | 72 65 2c 0d 0a 53 6f 76 | Therefo|re,..Sov|
|00004150| 69 65 74 20 73 74 6f 72 | 65 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 |iet stor|es have |
|00004160| 6c 69 74 74 6c 65 20 67 | 6f 6f 64 73 20 6f 6e 20 |little g|oods on |
|00004170| 74 68 65 69 72 20 73 68 | 65 6c 76 65 73 2e 20 43 |their sh|elves. C|
|00004180| 61 6c 69 63 6f 20 69 73 | 20 61 73 0d 0a 65 78 70 |alico is| as..exp|
|00004190| 65 6e 73 69 76 65 20 61 | 73 20 73 69 6c 6b 2e 20 |ensive a|s silk. |
|000041a0| 53 68 69 6e 79 20 6e 65 | 77 20 62 6f 6f 74 73 2c |Shiny ne|w boots,|
|000041b0| 20 73 65 61 6c 20 6f 66 | 20 61 20 52 75 73 73 69 | seal of| a Russi|
|000041c0| 61 6e 20 70 65 61 73 61 | 6e 74 27 73 0d 0a 70 72 |an peasa|nt's..pr|
|000041d0| 6f 73 70 65 72 69 74 79 | 2c 20 61 72 65 20 68 61 |osperity|, are ha|
|000041e0| 72 64 20 74 6f 20 66 69 | 6e 64 2c 20 68 61 72 64 |rd to fi|nd, hard|
|000041f0| 65 72 20 74 6f 20 62 75 | 79 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 |er to bu|y..... |
|00004200| 49 6e 20 72 65 74 61 6c | 69 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 |In retal|iation t|
|00004210| 68 65 20 70 65 61 73 61 | 6e 74 20 66 61 72 6d 65 |he peasa|nt farme|
|00004220| 72 20 69 73 20 67 72 6f | 77 69 6e 67 20 6c 65 73 |r is gro|wing les|
|00004230| 73 20 67 72 61 69 6e 20 | 74 68 61 6e 0d 0a 68 65 |s grain |than..he|
|00004240| 20 63 61 6e 2c 20 62 65 | 63 61 75 73 65 3a 20 31 | can, be|cause: 1|
|00004250| 29 20 68 65 20 63 61 6e | 6e 6f 74 20 62 75 79 20 |) he can|not buy |
|00004260| 61 6e 79 74 68 69 6e 67 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 |anything| with th|
|00004270| 65 20 6d 6f 6e 65 79 20 | 68 65 0d 0a 67 65 74 73 |e money |he..gets|
|00004280| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 68 69 | 73 20 67 72 61 69 6e 2c | from hi|s grain,|
|00004290| 20 61 6e 64 20 32 29 20 | 74 68 65 20 47 6f 76 65 | and 2) |the Gove|
|000042a0| 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 | 73 20 6c 65 76 79 69 6e |rnment i|s levyin|
|000042b0| 67 20 68 65 61 76 79 0d | 0a 67 72 61 69 6e 20 74 |g heavy.|.grain t|
|000042c0| 61 78 65 73 20 75 70 6f | 6e 20 68 69 6d 20 62 79 |axes upo|n him by|
|000042d0| 20 66 6f 72 63 69 6e 67 | 20 68 69 6d 20 74 6f 20 | forcing| him to |
|000042e0| 73 65 6c 6c 20 6d 6f 73 | 74 20 6f 66 20 68 69 73 |sell mos|t of his|
|000042f0| 20 63 72 6f 70 20 61 74 | 0d 0a 61 20 6c 6f 77 20 | crop at|..a low |
|00004300| 47 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 | 6e 74 2d 66 69 78 65 64 |Governme|nt-fixed|
|00004310| 20 70 72 69 63 65 20 28 | 74 6f 20 6b 65 65 70 20 | price (|to keep |
|00004320| 74 68 65 20 70 72 69 63 | 65 20 6f 66 20 62 72 65 |the pric|e of bre|
|00004330| 61 64 20 77 69 74 68 69 | 6e 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 6d |ad withi|n..the m|
|00004340| 65 61 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 | 75 72 62 61 6e 20 77 6f |eans of |urban wo|
|00004350| 72 6b 65 72 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 74 6f 20 6e 65 74 |rkers an|d to net|
|00004360| 20 74 68 65 20 47 6f 76 | 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 | the Gov|ernment |
|00004370| 61 20 70 72 6f 66 69 74 | 0d 0a 6f 6e 20 69 74 73 |a profit|..on its|
|00004380| 20 65 78 70 6f 72 74 73 | 29 2e 20 54 68 65 20 66 | exports|). The f|
|00004390| 61 63 74 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 |act that| there i|
|000043a0| 73 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 67 | 72 61 69 6e 20 70 6c 61 |s more g|rain pla|
|000043b0| 6e 74 65 64 20 74 68 69 | 73 0d 0a 79 65 61 72 20 |nted thi|s..year |
|000043c0| 69 73 20 64 75 65 20 6e | 6f 74 20 74 6f 20 70 65 |is due n|ot to pe|
|000043d0| 61 73 61 6e 74 20 65 66 | 66 6f 72 74 73 20 62 75 |asant ef|forts bu|
|000043e0| 74 20 74 6f 20 53 74 61 | 74 65 20 66 61 72 6d 73 |t to Sta|te farms|
|000043f0| 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 63 6f | 2d 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 | and..co|-operati|
|00004400| 76 65 73 20 69 6e 61 75 | 67 75 72 61 74 65 64 20 |ves inau|gurated |
|00004410| 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 47 | 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e |by the G|overnmen|
|00004420| 74 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6d | 62 61 74 20 74 68 65 0d |t to com|bat the.|
|00004430| 0a 6e 65 67 61 74 69 76 | 65 20 61 74 74 69 74 75 |.negativ|e attitu|
|00004440| 64 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 65 61 73 61 6e |de of th|e peasan|
|00004450| 74 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | 4f 66 20 6c 61 74 65 2c |t..... |Of late,|
|00004460| 20 61 6c 73 6f 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 52 75 73 73 69 | also, t|he Russi|
|00004470| 61 6e 20 70 65 61 73 61 | 6e 74 2c 20 69 6e 67 65 |an peasa|nt, inge|
|00004480| 6e 69 6f 75 73 20 69 6e | 20 68 69 73 0d 0a 64 69 |nious in| his..di|
|00004490| 73 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 | 2c 20 68 61 73 20 64 69 |scontent|, has di|
|000044a0| 73 63 6f 76 65 72 65 64 | 20 79 65 74 20 61 6e 6f |scovered| yet ano|
|000044b0| 74 68 65 72 20 77 61 79 | 20 6f 66 20 61 6e 6e 6f |ther way| of anno|
|000044c0| 79 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 0d 0a 47 6f 76 65 72 6e |ying the|..Govern|
|000044d0| 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 4f 66 | 20 39 2c 30 30 30 20 70 |ment. Of| 9,000 p|
|000044e0| 65 61 73 61 6e 74 20 68 | 6f 75 73 65 73 20 64 65 |easant h|ouses de|
|000044f0| 73 74 72 6f 79 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 66 69 72 65 20 |stroyed |by fire |
|00004500| 69 6e 20 6f 6e 65 0d 0a | 28 53 61 6d 61 72 61 29 |in one..|(Samara)|
|00004510| 20 70 72 6f 76 69 6e 63 | 65 20 6c 61 73 74 20 79 | provinc|e last y|
|00004520| 65 61 72 2c 20 33 2c 30 | 30 30 20 77 65 72 65 20 |ear, 3,0|00 were |
|00004530| 64 75 65 20 74 6f 20 61 | 72 73 6f 6e 2e 20 46 69 |due to a|rson. Fi|
|00004540| 72 65 0d 0a 69 6e 73 75 | 72 61 6e 63 65 20 70 61 |re..insu|rance pa|
|00004550| 69 64 20 6f 75 74 20 74 | 6f 74 61 6c 65 64 20 66 |id out t|otaled f|
|00004560| 6f 75 72 20 6d 69 6c 6c | 69 6f 6e 20 72 75 62 6c |our mill|ion rubl|
|00004570| 65 73 20 28 24 32 2c 30 | 30 30 2c 30 30 30 29 2e |es ($2,0|00,000).|
|00004580| 20 54 68 65 0d 0a 70 65 | 61 73 61 6e 74 20 65 78 | The..pe|asant ex|
|00004590| 70 6c 61 69 6e 73 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 61 20 77 69 |plains w|ith a wi|
|000045a0| 6e 6b 3a 20 22 54 68 65 | 20 70 65 61 73 61 6e 74 |nk: "The| peasant|
|000045b0| 27 73 20 63 6f 74 74 61 | 67 65 20 73 6f 6f 6e 20 |'s cotta|ge soon |
|000045c0| 67 72 6f 77 73 0d 0a 73 | 69 63 6b 20 61 6e 64 20 |grows..s|ick and |
|000045d0| 64 72 61 75 67 68 74 79 | 2e 20 54 68 65 6e 20 63 |draughty|. Then c|
|000045e0| 6f 6d 65 73 20 61 20 66 | 69 72 65 2d 2d 69 73 20 |omes a f|ire--is |
|000045f0| 69 74 20 61 6e 20 61 63 | 63 69 64 65 6e 74 3f 20 |it an ac|cident? |
|00004600| 54 68 65 0d 0a 70 65 61 | 73 61 6e 74 20 67 65 74 |The..pea|sant get|
|00004610| 73 20 61 20 66 69 6e 65 | 20 6e 65 77 20 68 6f 6d |s a fine| new hom|
|00004620| 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 | 68 65 20 47 6f 76 65 72 |e from t|he Gover|
|00004630| 6e 6d 65 6e 74 2e 22 20 | 41 20 63 6f 67 65 6e 74 |nment." |A cogent|
|00004640| 0d 0a 73 63 72 61 74 63 | 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |..scratc|h of the|
|00004650| 20 6e 6f 73 65 20 61 6e | 64 20 74 68 65 6e 20 61 | nose an|d then a|
|00004660| 20 63 6f 6e 63 6c 75 73 | 69 6f 6e 3a 20 22 54 68 | conclus|ion: "Th|
|00004670| 65 79 20 74 61 6b 65 20 | 74 61 78 65 73 20 61 6e |ey take |taxes an|
|00004680| 64 0d 0a 66 69 78 20 61 | 20 6c 6f 77 20 70 72 69 |d..fix a| low pri|
|00004690| 63 65 20 66 6f 72 20 67 | 72 61 69 6e 2c 20 62 75 |ce for g|rain, bu|
|000046a0| 74 20 6c 69 74 74 6c 65 | 20 55 6e 63 6c 65 20 46 |t little| Uncle F|
|000046b0| 69 72 65 20 69 73 20 66 | 72 65 65 20 66 72 6f 6d |ire is f|ree from|
|000046c0| 0d 0a 74 68 65 69 72 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 2e |..their |control.|
|000046d0| 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 42 | 75 74 20 65 76 65 6e 20 |".... B|ut even |
|000046e0| 68 65 72 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 65 61 73 61 6e 74 |here the| peasant|
|000046f0| 20 69 73 20 62 65 69 6e | 67 20 74 72 61 6d 6d 65 | is bein|g tramme|
|00004700| 6c 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 | 72 65 63 65 6e 74 6c 79 |led for |recently|
|00004710| 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 47 6f | 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 | the..Go|vernment|
|00004720| 20 68 61 73 20 63 6c 61 | 6d 70 65 64 20 74 68 65 | has cla|mped the|
|00004730| 20 64 65 61 74 68 20 70 | 65 6e 61 6c 74 79 2c 20 | death p|enalty, |
|00004740| 72 61 72 65 20 69 6e 20 | 53 6f 76 69 65 74 20 52 |rare in |Soviet R|
|00004750| 75 73 73 69 61 2c 0d 0a | 6f 6e 20 61 72 73 6f 6e |ussia,..|on arson|
|00004760| 20 63 72 69 6d 65 73 2e | 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a 28 53 | crimes.|......(S|
|00004770| 45 50 54 45 4d 42 45 52 | 20 39 2c 20 31 39 32 39 |EPTEMBER| 9, 1929|
|00004780| 29 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 4a | 75 73 74 20 6f 6e 65 20 |).... J|ust one |
|00004790| 79 65 61 72 20 61 67 6f | 2c 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 |year ago|, Russia|
|000047a0| 27 73 20 66 61 6d 65 64 | 20 22 4d 61 6e 20 6f 66 |'s famed| "Man of|
|000047b0| 20 53 74 65 65 6c 2c 22 | 20 44 69 63 74 61 74 6f | Steel,"| Dictato|
|000047c0| 72 0d 0a 4a 6f 73 65 66 | 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 2c |r..Josef| Stalin,|
|000047d0| 20 69 6e 61 75 67 75 72 | 61 74 65 64 20 68 69 73 | inaugur|ated his|
|000047e0| 20 64 72 61 73 74 69 63 | 20 22 46 69 76 65 20 59 | drastic| "Five Y|
|000047f0| 65 61 72 20 45 63 6f 6e | 6f 6d 69 63 0d 0a 50 72 |ear Econ|omic..Pr|
|00004800| 6f 67 72 61 6d 2c 22 20 | 61 6e 20 69 6d 70 72 65 |ogram," |an impre|
|00004810| 73 73 69 76 65 20 73 63 | 68 65 6d 65 20 6f 66 20 |ssive sc|heme of |
|00004820| 69 6e 64 75 73 74 72 69 | 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 |industri|al and a|
|00004830| 67 72 69 63 75 6c 74 75 | 72 61 6c 0d 0a 65 78 70 |gricultu|ral..exp|
|00004840| 61 6e 73 69 6f 6e 20 62 | 79 20 77 68 69 63 68 2c |ansion b|y which,|
|00004850| 20 62 79 20 31 39 33 33 | 2c 20 68 65 20 70 72 6f | by 1933|, he pro|
|00004860| 70 6f 73 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 74 68 |posed to| make th|
|00004870| 65 20 53 6f 76 69 65 74 | 0d 0a 55 6e 69 6f 6e 20 |e Soviet|..Union |
|00004880| 65 6e 74 69 72 65 6c 79 | 20 73 65 6c 66 2d 73 75 |entirely| self-su|
|00004890| 70 70 6f 72 74 69 6e 67 | 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e 64 |pporting| and ind|
|000048a0| 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |ependent| of the |
|000048b0| 6f 75 74 73 69 64 65 0d | 0a 63 61 70 69 74 61 6c |outside.|.capital|
|000048c0| 69 73 74 69 63 20 77 6f | 72 6c 64 2e 20 4c 61 73 |istic wo|rld. Las|
|000048d0| 74 20 77 65 65 6b 20 44 | 69 63 74 61 74 6f 72 20 |t week D|ictator |
|000048e0| 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 20 61 | 6e 6e 6f 75 6e 63 65 64 |Stalin a|nnounced|
|000048f0| 20 68 69 73 0d 0a 62 75 | 64 67 65 74 20 66 6f 72 | his..bu|dget for|
|00004900| 20 31 39 33 30 2c 20 70 | 75 62 6c 69 73 68 65 64 | 1930, p|ublished|
|00004910| 20 66 69 67 75 72 65 73 | 20 77 68 69 63 68 2c 20 | figures| which, |
|00004920| 69 66 20 68 6f 6e 65 73 | 74 2c 20 73 68 6f 77 65 |if hones|t, showe|
|00004930| 64 0d 0a 61 73 74 6f 75 | 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 70 72 |d..astou|nding pr|
|00004940| 6f 67 72 65 73 73 20 6d | 61 64 65 20 64 75 72 69 |ogress m|ade duri|
|00004950| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 66 | 69 72 73 74 20 6f 66 20 |ng the f|irst of |
|00004960| 68 69 73 20 46 69 76 65 | 20 59 65 61 72 73 2e 0d |his Five| Years..|
|00004970| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 52 75 73 | 73 69 61 6e 20 69 6e 64 |... Rus|sian ind|
|00004980| 75 73 74 72 69 61 6c 20 | 70 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 |ustrial |producti|
|00004990| 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 52 | 75 73 73 69 61 6e 20 66 |on and R|ussian f|
|000049a0| 61 63 74 6f 72 79 20 77 | 61 67 65 73 20 68 61 76 |actory w|ages hav|
|000049b0| 65 0d 0a 62 65 65 6e 20 | 69 6e 63 72 65 61 73 65 |e..been |increase|
|000049c0| 64 2c 20 53 74 61 6c 69 | 6e 20 64 65 63 6c 61 72 |d, Stali|n declar|
|000049d0| 65 64 2c 20 61 6c 6d 6f | 73 74 20 65 78 61 63 74 |ed, almo|st exact|
|000049e0| 6c 79 20 61 63 63 6f 72 | 64 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 0d |ly accor|ding to.|
|000049f0| 0a 73 63 68 65 64 75 6c | 65 2e 20 4d 6f 72 65 6f |.schedul|e. Moreo|
|00004a00| 76 65 72 2c 20 69 6e 73 | 74 65 61 64 20 6f 66 20 |ver, ins|tead of |
|00004a10| 74 68 65 20 32 31 25 20 | 69 6e 63 72 65 61 73 65 |the 21% |increase|
|00004a20| 20 69 6e 20 70 72 6f 64 | 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 0d 0a | in prod|uction..|
|00004a30| 77 68 69 63 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 46 69 76 65 20 59 |which th|e Five Y|
|00004a40| 65 61 72 20 50 6c 61 6e | 20 68 6f 70 65 66 75 6c |ear Plan| hopeful|
|00004a50| 6c 79 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 | 64 20 66 6f 72 2c 20 74 |ly calle|d for, t|
|00004a60| 68 65 20 53 6f 76 69 65 | 74 0d 0a 55 6e 69 6f 6e |he Sovie|t..Union|
|00004a70| 27 73 20 69 6e 64 75 73 | 74 72 69 61 6c 20 70 72 |'s indus|trial pr|
|00004a80| 6f 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 61 63 74 75 61 6c 6c |oduction| actuall|
|00004a90| 79 20 69 6e 63 72 65 61 | 73 65 64 20 32 34 25 20 |y increa|sed 24% |
|00004aa0| 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 0d 0a 70 61 73 74 |during t|he..past|
|00004ab0| 20 74 77 65 6c 76 65 6d | 6f 6e 74 68 2e 20 4f 6e | twelvem|onth. On|
|00004ac0| 6c 79 20 62 79 20 66 61 | 69 6c 69 6e 67 20 74 6f |ly by fa|iling to|
|00004ad0| 20 61 63 68 69 65 76 65 | 20 6e 6f 74 61 62 6c 79 | achieve| notably|
|00004ae0| 20 72 65 64 75 63 65 64 | 0d 0a 70 72 69 63 65 73 | reduced|..prices|
|00004af0| 20 66 6f 72 20 6d 61 6e | 75 66 61 63 74 75 72 65 | for man|ufacture|
|00004b00| 64 20 67 6f 6f 64 73 20 | 6f 66 20 73 75 73 74 61 |d goods |of susta|
|00004b10| 69 6e 65 64 20 71 75 61 | 6c 69 74 79 20 64 69 64 |ined qua|lity did|
|00004b20| 20 53 6f 76 69 65 74 0d | 0a 52 75 73 73 69 61 20 | Soviet.|.Russia |
|00004b30| 66 61 6c 6c 20 62 65 68 | 69 6e 64 20 68 65 72 20 |fall beh|ind her |
|00004b40| 73 63 68 65 64 75 6c 65 | 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 50 |schedule|..... P|
|00004b50| 72 6f 75 64 20 6f 66 20 | 68 69 73 20 73 75 63 63 |roud of |his succ|
|00004b60| 65 73 73 20 74 68 75 73 | 20 66 61 72 2c 20 63 6f |ess thus| far, co|
|00004b70| 6e 66 69 64 65 6e 74 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 68 65 20 |nfident |that he |
|00004b80| 63 61 6e 20 6a 61 6d 20 | 74 68 65 0d 0a 77 68 6f |can jam |the..who|
|00004b90| 6c 65 20 46 69 76 65 20 | 59 65 61 72 20 50 72 6f |le Five |Year Pro|
|00004ba0| 67 72 61 6d 20 74 68 72 | 6f 75 67 68 2c 20 44 69 |gram thr|ough, Di|
|00004bb0| 63 74 61 74 6f 72 20 53 | 74 61 6c 69 6e 20 61 6e |ctator S|talin an|
|00004bc0| 6e 6f 75 6e 63 65 64 20 | 6c 61 73 74 0d 0a 77 65 |nounced |last..we|
|00004bd0| 65 6b 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 68 65 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 |ek that |he would|
|00004be0| 20 61 64 64 20 61 6e 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 62 69 6c | add ano|ther bil|
|00004bf0| 6c 69 6f 6e 20 64 6f 6c | 6c 61 72 73 20 74 6f 20 |lion dol|lars to |
|00004c00| 52 75 73 73 69 61 27 73 | 0d 0a 62 75 64 67 65 74 |Russia's|..budget|
|00004c10| 20 66 6f 72 20 31 39 33 | 30 2c 20 74 68 75 73 20 | for 193|0, thus |
|00004c20| 72 61 69 73 69 6e 67 20 | 74 68 65 20 53 6f 76 69 |raising |the Sovi|
|00004c30| 65 74 20 47 6f 76 65 72 | 6e 6d 65 6e 74 27 73 20 |et Gover|nment's |
|00004c40| 74 6f 74 61 6c 0d 0a 65 | 78 70 65 6e 64 69 74 75 |total..e|xpenditu|
|00004c50| 72 65 20 74 6f 20 66 69 | 76 65 20 62 69 6c 6c 69 |re to fi|ve billi|
|00004c60| 6f 6e 20 64 6f 6c 6c 61 | 72 73 20 70 65 72 20 61 |on dolla|rs per a|
|00004c70| 6e 6e 75 6d 20 28 31 33 | 25 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 |nnum (13|% more t|
|00004c80| 68 61 6e 20 69 73 0d 0a | 73 70 65 6e 74 20 62 79 |han is..|spent by|
|00004c90| 20 74 68 65 20 55 2e 53 | 2e 20 47 6f 76 65 72 6e | the U.S|. Govern|
|00004ca0| 6d 65 6e 74 29 2e 20 46 | 75 72 74 68 65 72 2c 20 |ment). F|urther, |
|00004cb0| 74 68 65 20 61 72 65 61 | 20 6f 66 20 6c 61 6e 64 |the area| of land|
|00004cc0| 20 75 6e 64 65 72 0d 0a | 63 75 6c 74 69 76 61 74 | under..|cultivat|
|00004cd0| 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 74 | 6f 20 62 65 20 69 6e 63 |ion is t|o be inc|
|00004ce0| 72 65 61 73 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 38 25 2c 20 61 6e |reased b|y 8%, an|
|00004cf0| 64 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 73 | 74 61 72 74 6c 69 6e 67 |d most s|tartling|
|00004d00| 20 6f 66 20 61 6c 6c 2c | 0d 0a 52 75 73 73 69 61 | of all,|..Russia|
|00004d10| 6e 20 69 6e 64 75 73 74 | 72 69 61 6c 20 70 72 6f |n indust|rial pro|
|00004d20| 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 69 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65 |duction |is to be|
|00004d30| 20 72 61 69 73 65 64 20 | 33 35 25 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a | raised |35%.....|
|00004d40| 0d 0a 28 4f 43 54 4f 42 | 45 52 20 32 38 2c 20 31 |..(OCTOB|ER 28, 1|
|00004d50| 39 32 39 29 0d 0a 0d 0a | 20 20 45 76 65 72 79 20 |929)....| Every |
|00004d60| 61 75 74 75 6d 6e 20 74 | 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 |autumn t|here is |
|00004d70| 66 69 65 72 63 65 20 73 | 71 75 61 62 62 6c 69 6e |fierce s|quabblin|
|00004d80| 67 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 66 | 74 65 6e 20 66 69 73 74 |g and of|ten fist|
|00004d90| 69 63 0d 0a 62 61 74 74 | 6c 65 20 62 65 74 77 65 |ic..batt|le betwe|
|00004da0| 65 6e 20 52 75 73 73 69 | 61 6e 20 66 61 72 6d 65 |en Russi|an farme|
|00004db0| 72 73 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 53 6f 76 69 65 |rs and t|he Sovie|
|00004dc0| 74 20 67 72 61 69 6e 20 | 63 6f 6c 6c 65 63 74 6f |t grain |collecto|
|00004dd0| 72 73 0d 0a 65 6d 70 6f | 77 65 72 65 64 20 74 6f |rs..empo|wered to|
|00004de0| 20 63 61 72 74 20 61 77 | 61 79 20 74 68 65 20 73 | cart aw|ay the s|
|00004df0| 75 72 70 6c 75 73 20 70 | 6f 72 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |urplus p|ortion o|
|00004e00| 66 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 | 63 72 6f 70 73 2e 20 54 |f their |crops. T|
|00004e10| 68 65 0d 0a 63 6f 6c 6c | 65 63 74 6f 72 73 20 70 |he..coll|ectors p|
|00004e20| 61 79 20 61 20 66 69 78 | 65 64 20 6c 6f 77 20 70 |ay a fix|ed low p|
|00004e30| 72 69 63 65 20 66 6f 72 | 20 77 68 61 74 20 74 68 |rice for| what th|
|00004e40| 65 79 20 74 61 6b 65 2c | 20 70 65 72 68 61 70 73 |ey take,| perhaps|
|00004e50| 20 61 0d 0a 66 69 66 74 | 68 20 6f 66 20 77 68 61 | a..fift|h of wha|
|00004e60| 74 20 74 68 65 20 67 72 | 61 69 6e 20 66 65 74 63 |t the gr|ain fetc|
|00004e70| 68 65 73 20 61 74 20 63 | 6c 61 6e 64 65 73 74 69 |hes at c|landesti|
|00004e80| 6e 65 20 73 61 6c 65 73 | 2e 20 56 65 78 65 64 0d |ne sales|. Vexed.|
|00004e90| 0a 70 65 61 73 61 6e 74 | 73 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 61 |.peasant|s long a|
|00004ea0| 67 6f 20 74 72 69 65 64 | 20 22 70 61 73 73 69 76 |go tried| "passiv|
|00004eb0| 65 20 72 65 73 69 73 74 | 61 6e 63 65 2c 22 20 72 |e resist|ance," r|
|00004ec0| 65 66 75 73 65 64 20 74 | 6f 20 73 6f 77 0d 0a 6d |efused t|o sow..m|
|00004ed0| 6f 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e | 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 20 |ore than| enough |
|00004ee0| 67 72 61 69 6e 20 66 6f | 72 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 |grain fo|r their |
|00004ef0| 70 65 72 73 6f 6e 61 6c | 20 6e 65 65 64 73 2e 20 |personal| needs. |
|00004f00| 42 75 74 20 72 75 74 68 | 6c 65 73 73 0d 0a 44 69 |But ruth|less..Di|
|00004f10| 63 74 61 74 6f 72 20 4a | 6f 73 65 66 20 53 74 61 |ctator J|osef Sta|
|00004f20| 6c 69 6e 20 69 73 20 6f | 75 74 73 6d 61 72 74 69 |lin is o|utsmarti|
|00004f30| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 65 61 73 61 6e 74 73 20 |ng the p|easants |
|00004f40| 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 70 | 6f 6c 69 63 79 0d 0a 63 |with a p|olicy..c|
|00004f50| 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 22 43 | 6f 6e 66 69 73 63 61 74 |alled "C|onfiscat|
|00004f60| 69 6f 6e 20 26 20 43 6f | 6c 6c 65 63 74 69 76 69 |ion & Co|llectivi|
|00004f70| 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 22 | 20 4c 61 73 74 20 77 65 |zation."| Last we|
|00004f80| 65 6b 20 68 65 0d 0a 63 | 65 6c 65 62 72 61 74 65 |ek he..c|elebrate|
|00004f90| 64 20 22 43 6f 6c 6c 65 | 63 74 69 76 69 7a 61 74 |d "Colle|ctivizat|
|00004fa0| 69 6f 6e 20 44 61 79 22 | 20 77 68 69 6c 65 20 6d |ion Day"| while m|
|00004fb0| 75 6a 69 6b 73 20 67 6c | 6f 77 65 72 65 64 20 61 |ujiks gl|owered a|
|00004fc0| 6e 64 0d 0a 67 72 75 6d | 62 6c 65 64 2e 0d 0a 0d |nd..grum|bled....|
|00004fd0| 0a 20 20 57 68 65 6e 20 | 61 20 70 65 61 73 61 6e |. When |a peasan|
|00004fe0| 74 20 64 6f 65 73 20 6e | 6f 74 20 73 6f 77 20 61 |t does n|ot sow a|
|00004ff0| 6e 64 20 72 65 61 70 20 | 6f 6e 20 61 6c 6c 20 68 |nd reap |on all h|
|00005000| 69 73 20 6c 61 6e 64 20 | 69 74 20 6d 61 79 0d 0a |is land |it may..|
|00005010| 62 65 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 | 73 63 61 74 65 64 20 62 |be confi|scated b|
|00005020| 79 20 74 68 65 20 47 6f | 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 |y the Go|vernment|
|00005030| 2c 20 70 72 6f 63 6c 61 | 69 6d 65 64 20 61 20 22 |, procla|imed a "|
|00005040| 63 6f 6c 6c 65 63 74 69 | 76 69 73 74 0d 0a 66 61 |collecti|vist..fa|
|00005050| 72 6d 2c 22 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 68 65 72 65 61 66 |rm," and| thereaf|
|00005060| 74 65 72 20 77 6f 72 6b | 65 64 20 62 79 20 63 6f |ter work|ed by co|
|00005070| 6d 6d 75 6e 69 7a 65 64 | 20 63 75 6c 74 69 76 61 |mmunized| cultiva|
|00005080| 74 6f 72 73 20 77 68 6f | 20 6d 61 79 0d 0a 6f 72 |tors who| may..or|
|00005090| 20 6d 61 79 20 6e 6f 74 | 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 | may not| include|
|000050a0| 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 | 6d 65 72 20 6f 77 6e 65 | the for|mer owne|
|000050b0| 72 2e 20 4c 61 73 74 20 | 77 65 65 6b 20 74 68 65 |r. Last |week the|
|000050c0| 20 47 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d | 65 6e 74 0d 0a 61 6e 6e | Governm|ent..ann|
|000050d0| 6f 75 6e 63 65 64 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 33 25 20 6f |ounced t|hat 3% o|
|000050e0| 66 20 61 6c 6c 20 70 65 | 61 73 61 6e 74 20 66 61 |f all pe|asant fa|
|000050f0| 72 6d 73 20 69 6e 20 52 | 75 73 73 69 61 20 68 61 |rms in R|ussia ha|
|00005100| 76 65 20 62 65 65 6e 20 | 74 68 75 73 0d 0a 63 6f |ve been |thus..co|
|00005110| 6c 6c 65 63 74 69 76 69 | 7a 65 64 2e 20 46 69 76 |llectivi|zed. Fiv|
|00005120| 65 20 6d 69 6c 6c 69 6f | 6e 20 63 6f 6d 6d 75 6e |e millio|n commun|
|00005130| 69 7a 65 64 20 79 6f 6b | 65 6c 73 20 6e 6f 77 20 |ized yok|els now |
|00005140| 74 6f 69 6c 20 6f 6e 20 | 36 30 2c 30 30 30 0d 0a |toil on |60,000..|
|00005150| 63 6f 6c 6c 65 63 74 69 | 76 65 20 66 61 72 6d 73 |collecti|ve farms|
|00005160| 20 63 6f 6d 70 72 69 73 | 69 6e 67 20 77 68 61 74 | compris|ing what|
|00005170| 20 77 65 72 65 20 6f 6e | 63 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | were on|ce more |
|00005180| 74 68 61 6e 20 31 2c 30 | 30 30 2c 30 30 30 0d 0a |than 1,0|00,000..|
|00005190| 70 65 61 73 61 6e 74 20 | 68 6f 6d 65 73 74 65 61 |peasant |homestea|
|000051a0| 64 73 2e 20 49 6e 20 74 | 68 65 73 65 20 22 47 72 |ds. In t|hese "Gr|
|000051b0| 61 69 6e 20 46 61 63 74 | 6f 72 69 65 73 22 20 73 |ain Fact|ories" s|
|000051c0| 6e 6f 72 74 20 46 6f 72 | 64 0d 0a 74 72 61 63 74 |nort For|d..tract|
|000051d0| 6f 72 73 2e 1a 0d 0a 0d | 0a |ors.....|. |
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+